CSR: Small: Predictable Real-Time Computing in GPU-enabled Systems

考虑到需要在不增加能耗的情况下实现更高的性能，大多数芯片制造商已经转向多核架构，特别是异构架构。在异构处理元素中，图形处理单元（gpu）已经得到了广泛的应用。gpu有能力使许多应用程序的执行速度提高几个数量级。因此，它们越来越适用于通用系统。不幸的是，在许多需要可预测的实时正确性的安全关键型系统中可靠地采用gpu并不简单，这是此类系统所需的认证中最重要的原则之一。一个关键的例子是先进的汽车系统，由于与物理世界的交互，计算的及时性是正确性的基本要求。该项目的目标是确保当前支持GPU的系统中可预测的实时正确性，通过(i)开发新的实时资源分配方法，可以应用于支持GPU的系统，其中由于CPU和GPU资源的协同调度问题和几个GPU特定约束而导致的许多困难分析问题将得到解决，以及（ii）构建一个开源生态系统，可预测地管理操作系统中的GPU资源。这些努力将为以可预测的方式利用gpu铺平道路，并使许多存在实时限制的应用程序和系统受益，例如自动化汽车和医疗仪器。这项工作的成功完成将使强大的GPU计算能力成为可能。在通常需要认证的安全关键系统中，这项工作将有助于使配备gpu的系统获得认证。

Given the need to achieve higher performance without driving up energy consumption, most chip manufacturers have shifted to multicore architectures, especially heterogeneous ones. Among heterogeneous processing elements, graphic processing units (GPUs) have seen wide-spread use. GPUs have the power to enable orders of magnitude faster execution of many applications. Thus, they are becoming increasingly applicable for general-purpose systems. Unfortunately, it is not straightforward to reliably adopt GPUs in many safety-critical systems that require predictable real-time correctness, one of the most important tenets in certification required for such systems. A key example is the advanced automotive system where timeliness of computations is an essential requirement of correctness due to the interaction with the physical world. The goal of this project is to ensure predictable real-time correctness in current GPU-enabled systems, through (i) developing new real-time resource allocation methods that can be applied in GPU-enabled systems, where a number of difficult analysis issues due to the problem of co-scheduling CPU and GPU resources and several GPU-specific constraints will be addressed, and (ii) building an open-source ecosystem of predictably managing GPU resources in the operating system. These efforts will pave the way to utilizing GPUs in a predictable manner and benefit many applications and systems in which real-time constraints exist, such as automated automobiles and medical instrumentation. The successful completion of this work will enable powerful GPU computing capability. In safety-critical systems which usually require certification, this work will help enable such systems equipped with GPUs to be certifiable.