EAGER: Exploring Resilience in SmartCity Water Infrastructure

水是世界各地社区的重要资源和生命线服务；水工作流程的产生、处理、分配和维护通常由地方政府和水区管理。最近发生的事件，如2012年飓风桑迪造成的供水中断和迫在眉睫的加州干旱危机清楚地表明，社会对水等关键生命线服务的依赖及其中断可能造成的深远影响。多年来，这些关键基础设施变得更加复杂，往往更容易出现故障。将水工作流程视为具有多个级别的观察/控制和不同参与者(供应商、分销商、消费者)的社区范围的网络物理系统(CPS)的能力提供了新的可能性。设计强大的供水系统需要清楚地了解CPS系统的结构、组件和运行，以及社区基础设施动态(如需求变化、小/大中断)如何影响生命线服务的可用性，以及服务水平决策如何影响基础设施控制。该提案强调了一种探索工程系统的新方法，这将导致对生命线系统和使其具有适应性和复原力的方法的理解取得实质性进展。将复原力纳入城市生命线带来了一些巨大的挑战，包括确定可以观察/感知和适应的系统的各个方面，以及制定能够指导适应的一般原则。关键的想法是开发方法，以了解现实世界社区水基础设施的运营性能和弹性问题，并在将其实例化为物理基础设施之前探索网络空间问题的解决方案。这项工作包括：1)开发一个灵活的建模框架，以捕捉多个时间和空间抽象层面的系统需求；2)开发支持复原力的实时算法；3)使用数据驱动的方法设计水系统的适应性；以及4)展示在全球城市技术挑战赛上对关键水系统基础设施的研究的重要的更广泛的影响，以及复原力控制框架对基础设施的长期影响。

Water is a critical resource and a lifeline service to communities worldwide; the generation, treatment, distribution and maintenance of water workflows is typically managed by local governments and water districts. Recent events such as water supply disruptions caused by Hurricane Sandy in 2012 and the looming California drought crisis clearly indicate society's dependence on critical lifeline services such as water and the far-reaching impacts that its disruption can cause. Over the years, these critical infrastructures have become more complex and often more vulnerable to failures. The ability to view water workflows as a community wide cyber-physical system (CPS) with multiple levels of observation/control and diverse players (suppliers, distributors, consumers) presents new possibilities. Designing robust water systems involves a clear understanding of the structure, components and operation of this CPS system and how community infrastructure dynamics (e.g. varying demands, small/large disruptions) impact lifeline service availabilities and how service level decisions impact infrastructure control. The proposal emphasizes a new approach to exploring engineering systems that will result in substantial advances in the understanding of lifeline systems and approaches to make them adaptive and resilient. Building resilience into urban lifelines raises a number of monumental challenges including identifying the aspects of systems that can be observed/sensed and adapted and to developing general principles that can guide adaptation. The key idea is to develop methodologies to understand operational performance and resilience issues for real-world community water infrastructures and explore solutions to problems in cyberspace before instantiating them into a physical infrastructure. The effort includes: 1) Developing a flexible modeling framework that captures system needs at multiple levels of temporal and spatial abstraction; 2) Developing real-time algorithms supporting resilience; 3) Designing adaptations for water systems using a data-driven approach; and 4) Demonstrating the important broader impact of the research on critical water system infrastructure at the Global City Technology Challenge and the longer term impact on infrastructure for a resilient control framework.