Studies of Tornadoes and Severe Convective Storms

该项目旨在通过开展小型年度实地项目，测试最新的创新观测仪器，并分析使用这些仪器和所有其他可用数据收集的数据，提高我们对强对流风暴和龙卷风的基本科学认识。将为这些仪器设计新的分析技术，进行测试，然后应用于科学研究。智力优势：特别是使用快速扫描移动多普勒雷达继续研究强对流风暴和龙卷风的结构和演变，其中一个具有极化能力，从而有助于识别碎片，风暴中散射体的类型，并定位强上升气流，而不需要多个雷达。快速扫描雷达是必要的，因为龙卷风演变得非常快。它还将继续试验脉冲多普勒激光雷达系统，该系统有可能提供龙卷风及其母风暴及其附近的晴空边界层中风场的超高垂直分辨率。人们认为，边界层的结构和行为对龙卷风和强对流风暴的动力学至关重要。该提案旨在分析以前拨款期间收集的现有数据，并在春季期间收集美国平原的新数据集。由于恶劣天气在年际时间尺度上具有不可预测和高度变化的性质，因此有必要进行数年的实地业务，以增加成功收集数据的机会。更广泛的影响：这项研究的结果有可能提高我们发布更准确的短期预报和更及时的强对流风暴和龙卷风警报的技能，从而减少死亡和受伤的风险。对龙卷风内部和附近风场的更详细的了解有可能为结构工程师提供信息，从而改进建筑实践，从而减轻财产损失。该项目在指导研究生学习、进行实地研究、学习使用最先进的仪器、分析数据和推进我们的基础科学知识方面的教育影响，将有助于为美国下一代预报员、教育工作者和研究人员提供人力资本。从这项研究中获得的知识将在科学期刊上广泛传播，并通过媒体向公众提供。在下一代的教科书中。

This project seeks to improve our basic scientific understanding of severe convective storms and tornadoes by conducting small, annual field programs, testing out the latest, innovative observing instruments, and analyzing the data collected using these instruments and all other available data. New analysis techniques will be devised for the instruments, tested, and then applied to scientific studies.Intellectual Merit:In particular, it is to continue to study the structure and evolution of severe convective storms and tornadoes using rapidly scanning mobile Doppler radars, one of which has polarimetric capabilities, thus facilitating the identification of debris, the types of scatterers in the storms, and locating strong updrafts without the need for multiple radars. Rapid-scan radars are necessary because tornadoes evolve very quickly. It is also to continue to experiment with a pulsed Doppler lidar system, which has the potential for providing ultra-high vertical resolution of the wind field in the clear-air boundary layer in and near tornadoes and their parent storms. It is thought that the structure and behavior of the boundary layer are critical to the dynamics of tornadoes and severe convective storms.This proposal seeks to analyze existing data collected during previous grants and also to collect new datasets in the Plains of the U. S. during the spring. Owing to the unpredictable and highly variable nature of severe weather on inter-annual time scales, it is necessary to conduct field operations for a number of years to increase the chances for successful data collection.Broader Impacts:The results of this research have the potential to increase our skill in issuing more accurate short-term forecasts and more timely warnings of severe convective storms and tornadoes, thereby reducing the risk of death and injuries. A more detailed knowledge of the wind field in and near tornadoes has the potential to provide information to structural engineers that can lead to improved construction practices, thereby mitigating property damage. The educational impact of this project in mentoring graduate students in their studies, conducting field studies, learning to use state-of-the art instrumentation, analyzing data, and advancing our basic scientific knowledge, will contribute to providing the human capital for the next generation of forecasters, educators, and researchers in the U. S. What is learned from this research will be widely disseminated in scientific journals, made available to the general public via the media, and in the next generation of textbooks.