International Trade Agreements, Globalization, Land Change, and Agricultural Food Networks

该项目将评估贸易改革和全球化对热带地区森林生物群的影响，这些地区在过去几十年里经历了深刻的经济变化。调查人员将分析随着贸易政策和全球经济力量的变化，玉米(玉米)和牛肉生产链是如何演变的，并将这些因素与不同地区森林覆盖率的空间分布变化联系起来。该项目将对一些森林经历毁林的过程提供新的见解，而另一些地区则因受不断变化的国际贸易模式强烈影响的玉米和牛肉生产的不断变化的地理位置而出现森林恢复。该项目将加强对毁林和森林恢复同时发生的复杂森林动态的基本了解，并将在国家范围内展示贸易改革和全球化对森林覆盖率的影响，从而分析全球市场一体化时期的自然系统动态。该项目将为研究生提供教育和培训机会，项目成果将为寻求在重大经济变革时期保持和改善环境质量的决策者提供有价值的信息。国际贸易协定、全球化和政策改革通过开放国内和国际市场，重新配置了重要商品的生产系统。这些变化影响土地利用系统，并对自然景观产生影响。在《贸易和关税总协定》和《北美自由贸易协定》之后，墨西哥经历了贸易自由化和全球化。其他政策举措，如公共土地私有化，加剧了环境和社会影响。调查人员将研究这些改革如何重塑墨西哥的土地变化制度，这些制度作为影响森林砍伐和森林恢复过程的因素发挥着关键作用。调查人员要探讨的关键问题是：(1)贸易改革和其他经济政策如何影响玉米和牛肉生产链的领地？(2)演变的链条领地在多大程度上解释了近几十年来森林生物群同时表现出的损失和收益？调查人员将使用一系列方法收集数据，包括对饲养场数据的统计分析、不同森林生物群的空间土地覆盖数据以及政府普查信息。尽管该研究项目将重点关注墨西哥的经济和环境系统动态，但该项目的发现将为研究美国和其他地方的类似问题提供新的见解，并将有助于加强美国的国内和外交政策。

This project will assess the impact of trade reform and globalization on forest biomes in tropical locales that have experienced profound economic changes over the past several decades. The investigators will analyze how maize (corn) and beef production chains have evolved as a consequence of changing trade policies and global economic forces and will link these factors to changes in the spatial distribution of forest cover across different regions. This project will provide new insights into the processes through which some forests experience deforestation while other areas exhibit forest recovery in response to evolving geographies of maize and beef production that have been strongly influenced by changing international trade patterns. The project will enhance basic understanding of the complex forest dynamics in which both deforestation and forest recovery occur simultaneously, and it will demonstrate the impact of trade reform and globalization on forest cover at a national scale, thereby offering an analysis of natural system dynamics during a time of global market integration. The project will provide education and training opportunities for graduate students, and project results will make available valuable information for policy makers seeking to maintain and enhance environmental quality during times of significant economic change.International trade agreement, globalization, and policy reform have reconfigured production systems for important commodities by opening national and international markets. These changes impact land-use systems, with implications for natural landscapes. Mexico has experienced trade liberalization and globalization following the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs and the North American Free Trade Agreement. Other policy initiatives, such as the privatization of communal lands, have intensified environmental and social impacts. The investigators will examine how these kinds of reforms have refigured Mexico's land-change regime, which play a critical role as factors influencing the deforestation and forest recovery processes. Key questions to be pursued by the investigators are (1) How have trade reform and other economic policies affected the territoriality of maize and beef production chains? (2) To what extent does evolving chain territoriality explain the simultaneous loss and gain exhibited by forest biomes over recent decades? The investigators will gather data using a range of approaches, including statistical analyses of data on feedlots, spatial land-cover data for different forest biomes, and government census information. Although the research project will focus on economic and environmental system dynamics in Mexico, project findings will provide new insights for examination of comparable issues in the U.S. and elsewhere, and it will help enhance U.S. domestic and foreign policy.