RCN: Developing an Integrative Approach to Computational and Digital History and Philosophy of Science

该奖项支持国际研究协调网络(RCN)的发展，为历史和科学哲学(HPS)研究开发计算和大数据方法。这类研究正开始从个别项目中产生新的见解。然而，为了充分利用这些方法，需要一种综合的方法。RCN将采取一些必要的步骤，最终提供HPS知识的结构化表示，并为数据驱动的计算型HPS基础设施奠定基础。鉴于背景、问题和方法的多样性，很明显，整合、协调和标准不能集中实施，这意味着区域协调网络是这类项目的相关机制。通过建立一种新的计算和数据驱动的HPS综合方法，RCN将反过来促进HPS与大数据和数据驱动的科学的整合。此外，区域协调委员会将通过这一方法促成新类型的问题，从而提高HPS与科学和社会交叉点上更大问题的相关性。它还将促进国际合作和纳入不同的学者群体，特别是许多年轻学者；它将通过促进对开放源码、开放获取和开放教育的承诺来做到这一点，从而使人们更广泛地接触和参与医疗保险计划社区，包括普通公众。如果没有协调的权威和本体，数据就不能在各个项目之间共享或集成，从而严重限制了它们的更广泛使用。如果没有这种规模经济的好处，计算方法在HPS中的变革性影响是有限的，因为跨多个项目的数据集的集成和计算分析正是使新的和创新的问题成为可能。该RCN通过对数据模型、权限和本体的逐步聚合和映射，为绘制权限和跨HPS项目的本体进行研究和开发计算解决方案，从而解决与HPS中计算和数字项目的权限和本体相关的挑战。国际RCN将(1)巩固计算HPS研究人员的工作社会/组织网络，包括一套结构化的教育模块；(2)协调研究和开发软件解决方案，以应对HPS项目间数据集成的挑战；以及(3)记录和分析达成这些解决方案和集成的过程，作为计算转向如何影响科学领域发展的范例。

This award supports the development of an international Research Coordination Network (RCN) for developing computational and big data methods for history and philosophy of science (HPS) research. Such research is beginning to yield novel insights from individual projects. However, an integrated approach is required in order to take full advantage of these methods. The RCN will take some of the steps that are necessary to eventually provide a structured representation of HPS knowledge and the foundation for a data driven computational HPS infrastructure. Given the diversity of contexts, questions, and approaches, it is clear that integration, coordination and standards cannot be imposed centrally, meaning that an RCN is the pertinent mechanism for this type of project. By establishing a new integrative approach to computational and data-driven HPS, the RCN will in turn facilitate an integration of HPS with big-data and data-driven science. In addition, the RCN will lead to new types of questions facilitated by this approach, and thereby increase the relevance of HPS for larger questions at the intersection between science and society. It will also facilitate international collaborations and the inclusion of a diverse group of scholars, particularly many younger scholars; it will do so by promoting commitment to open source, open access, and open education thereby providing broader access to and participation in the HPS community, including members of the general public. Without coordinated authorities and ontologies, data cannot be shared or integrated across individual projects, severely limiting their broader use. Without the benefits of such an economy of scale the transformative impact of computational methods in HPS is limited as the integration and computational analysis of datasets across multiple projects is precisely what enables novel and innovative questions. This RCN addresses the challenges related to authorities and ontologies for computational and digital projects in HPS by conducting research and developing computational solutions for mapping authorities and integrating ontologies across HPS projects through step-wise aggregation and mapping of data models, authorities and ontologies. The international RCN will (1) solidify a working social/organizational network of researchers in computational HPS, including a structured set of educational modules; (2) coordinate research and development of software solutions to address the challenge of data integration across HPS projects; and (3) document and analyze the process of reaching these solutions and integration as an example of how the computational turn affects the development of scientific fields.