Solid State Chemistry of Complex Chalcogenides

第1部分：非技术总结发现新的固态材料的研究解决了走向合理材料合成的巨大挑战，这改变了我们对材料性质的理解，并推动了新技术的发展。该项目由材料研究部固态和材料化学计划资助，重点是发现和表征使用熔融金属盐作为溶剂的新型金属硫化物化合物。硫化物被广泛用于各种科学调查和技术中。这个项目研究重要的物理性质如何随着金属硫化物的组成和晶体结构的变化而变化。这导致了令人兴奋的新材料，有望引发新的应用或增强现有技术应用的有效性。因此，新材料既影响了物理学，也影响了经济增长。此外，该项目对固体和材料化学领域的研究生的培训和教学做出了重大贡献，并有助于培养一支了解新材料作为新现象和新技术驱动力的未来劳动力的重要性。该项目为研究生和本科生提供了学习成功的当代科学研究所需的研究调查技能的重要机会，这反过来又对我们的国家竞争力产生了积极影响。第2部分：技术总结这个项目由材料研究部固体和材料化学计划资助，研究在化学、物理和材料科学中占有重要地位的金属硫化物类别。这些化合物表现出非常不同的组成、结构和物理性质，这是许多基础研究的核心。具体地说，该项目研究了(A)合成含锂硫化物相以应对在各种结构中结合这种轻碱离子的挑战；(B)合成含有低价磷的复杂碱性磷酸盐以观察新的成键基序；以及(C)研究金属硫化物离子交换剂如何结合重金属。受硫化物影响的科学和技术领域很重要，而且还在继续扩大。例子包括非线性光学、能量转换、信息存储、电池、拓扑绝缘体、催化和超导。该项目的重点是三元和四元硫化物，因为它们具有非常诱人的甚至独特的化学和物理性质。该计划的主要目标是通过开发导致新的硫化物材料的一般合成策略来进一步发展控制化学反应系统的能力。硫化物化学的新领域正在被探索，这些领域构成了巨大的挑战。

PART 1:   NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYResearch in discovering new solid state materials addresses the grand challenge of moving towards rational materials synthesis that transforms our understanding of materials properties and advances new technologies. This project, which is funded by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry Program in the Division of Materials Research, focuses on discovering and characterizing new types of metal chalcogenide compounds using molten metal salts as solvents. Chalcogenides are used in a broad variety of scientific investigations and technologies. This project studies how important physical properties change as a function of composition and crystal structure of the metal chalcogenide. This leads to exciting new materials, which are expected to spark new applications or enhance the effectiveness of existing technological applications. Thereby new materials impact both the physical sciences as well as economic growth. Furthermore, this project contributes significantly to the training and teaching of graduate students in the field of solid state and materials chemistry and helps to create a future workforce that understands the importance of new materials as drivers for new phenomena and technologies. The project provides important opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students to learn research investigative skills that are needed for successful contemporary scientific research, which in turn has a positive impact on our national competitiveness. PART 2:   TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis project, funded by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry Program in the Division of Materials Research, investigates the class of metal chalcogenides which occupies a vital place in chemistry, physics and materials science. These compounds exhibit remarkably diverse compositions, structures and physical properties which are at the core of many fundamental studies. Specifically, the project investigates (a) study the synthesis of Li containing chalcogenide phases to meet the challenge of incorporating this light alkali ion in a variety of structures; (b) the synthesis of complex alkali chalcophosphates with low-valent phosphorus to observe new bonding motifs and (c) the study of how metal chalcogenide ion-exchangers bind heavy metals. The fields of science and technology impacted by chalcogenides are important and continue to expand. Examples include nonlinear optics, energy conversion, information storage, batteries, topological insulators, catalysis, and superconductivity. The project focuses on ternary and quaternary chalcogenides because they promise very attractive or even unique chemical and physical properties. The main objective of this program is to further develop the ability to control chemical reaction systems by developing the general synthetic strategies that lead to new chalcogenide materials. New horizons in chalcogenide chemistry that pose great challenges are being explored.