Commonly Experienced Sleep Restriction and Behavior in Strategic Social Interactions

这个项目试图了解在重要的两人战略互动中，睡眠不足是如何影响决策的。睡眠不足被美国疾病控制和预防中心视为一种公共卫生流行病，目前的睡眠趋势表明，大约30%的美国成年人每晚睡眠时间为6-7小时或更少。而且，尽管研究已经在理解睡眠限制如何影响决策方面取得了重大进展，但交互式决策和社交任务领域基本上还没有被研究。简单的战略互动是更复杂的决策环境的基石，这些环境突出了亲社会(或反社会)行为和社交互动的好处。因此，这项研究不仅将推动科学进步，而且还将有益于社会，使我们进一步了解当前睡眠不足趋势的全部代价。这项研究的其他好处包括经济学和心理学方面的研究助理培训，从而将该项目的跨学科好处扩展到学生参与的水平。该项目的一个主要目标是检查休息良好(WR)和睡眠受限(SR)受试者的战略性双人互动。将对年轻的成年受试者实施生态上有效的家庭睡眠限制方案。与睡眠实验室相比，居家协议更能反映一个人的自然睡眠环境，因此提供了关于睡眠操作的高外部效度。计划的战略决策任务被选择来帮助识别受睡眠影响的决策的关键认知成分(例如，反向归纳、乐观、启发式的使用)。睡眠水平将被随机分配给受试者，然后在整整一周的治疗睡眠(SR=5-6小时/晚尝试睡眠；WR=8-9小时/晚尝试睡眠)中，使用手腕佩戴的活动记录仪进行被动但客观的测量。在治疗周之后，受试者将接受一系列涉及合作、协调和零和讨价还价的战略决策任务。因为这些任务构成了更复杂的现实世界战略环境的基石，所以这项研究希望对我们理解睡眠不足的普遍程度如何损害社会互动的结果和效率做出重大贡献。

This project seeks to understand how commonly experienced levels of insufficient sleep may affect decision making in important 2-person strategic interactions. Sleep deprivation is considered a public heath epidemic by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and current sleep trends indicate that approximately 30% of the U.S. adult population receives 6-7 hours or fewer of nightly sleep. And, while research has made significant advances at understanding how sleep restriction affects decision making, the domain of interactive decisions and social tasks is largely unstudied. Simple strategic interactions are the building blocks of more complicated decision environments that highlight prosocial (or anti-social) behavior and the benefits from social interactions. Therefore, this research will not only advance science, but it will also benefit society in furthering our understanding of the full costs of current trends regarding insufficient sleep. Additional benefits from this research include research assistants training in both economics and psychology, thus extending the interdisciplinary benefits of the project to the level of student engagement.A main objective of this project is to examine strategic 2-person interactions in well-rested (WR) and sleep-restricted (SR) subjects. An ecologically valid at-home sleep restriction protocol will be administer to young adult subjects. The at-home protocol more closely mirrors one's naturalistic sleep environment compared to a sleep lab, thus delivering high external validity regarding the sleep manipulation. The strategic decision tasks planned are selected to help identify key cognitive components of decision making affected by sleep (e.g., backwards induction, optimism, use of heuristics). Sleep levels will be randomly assigned to subjects and then passively but objectively measured using wrist-worn actigraphy for a full week of treatment sleep (SR=5-6 hrs/night attempted sleep; WR=8-9 hrs/night attempted sleep). Following the treatment week, subjects will be administered a set of strategic decision tasks involving cooperation, coordination, and zero-sum bargaining. Because these tasks form the building blocks of more complicated real world strategic environments, this research hopes to make significant contributions to our understanding of how common levels of insufficient sleep may harm the outcomes and efficiency realized from social interactions.