RESEARCH-PGR: Phenotypic and Genomic Diversity of North American Vitis

随着环境的变化，基因组进化与应激适应之间的关系变得越来越重要。葡萄（Vitis vinifera）是世界上最重要的园艺作物之一，在美国种植了超过100万英亩的葡萄。葡萄种植的产品（鲜食葡萄、葡萄干、果汁、葡萄酒和油）在农场门口的价值为57.6亿美元，估计每年为美国经济贡献1620亿美元。葡萄种植业在过去十年中稳步发展，但葡萄种植面临着来自疾病和非生物胁迫的新的和持续的挑战。葡萄种植严重依赖北美野生品种作为砧木，而且这种依赖正在扩大。该项目将允许研究人员确定来自西南部的四种野生葡萄品种的基因组成，这些葡萄品种已被用于葡萄育种，或已证明有希望用于葡萄育种。该项目将收集有关这些物种抵抗皮尔斯病能力的信息，它将产生有关植物生物学、基因组学和进化的新信息，并将使葡萄属成为研究得最好的植物属之一。从该项目中获得的数据将有助于全球葡萄育种计划，并将通过社区资源提供，使项目调查员能够与公众以及葡萄酒和葡萄行业分享他们的研究成果。他们还将培养和指导本科生、研究生和博士后学者。pi在公立大学工作，以努力扩大代表性不足的少数民族在STEM领域的参与和为第一代大学生服务而闻名。葡萄（Vitis vinifera）的种植、可持续性和安全性在很大程度上依赖于北美葡萄品种作为抵抗非生物和生物胁迫的来源。该项目旨在使Vitis成为比较基因组学、景观基因组学和关联基因组学的领先多年生模型。它还将进一步了解对皮尔斯病抗性的基本生物学，这对葡萄栽培的可持续性至关重要。研究人员将对数百种自然资源进行分析，以确定具有抗性的植物，并研究自然界中抗性的地理分布。他们将用全基因组重测序（WGS）数据来补充表型分析，以确定当地适应的特征，研究该属的系统基因组学，并将遗传变异与气候变量联系起来。他们还将采用旨在揭示候选基因和潜在的非生物和生物应激反应的遗传结构的重要基本信息的分析。另一个目标是为已用于砧木育种的四个北美葡萄品种生成参考基因组；目前，没有任何北美葡萄品种的参考基因组存在。这些基因组将成为宝贵的群落资源，促进种间分析，为推测物种多样化过程中结构重排的速度和模式奠定基础，并有助于鉴定葡萄属及其同系物之间的同源区和同源区。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The relationship between genome evolution and adaptation to stress has become increasingly important as environments change. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) are among the most important horticultural crops in the world, with over 1 million acres planted in the United States. Products of grape cultivation (table grapes, raisins, juice, wine and oil) have a value of $5.76 billion at the farm gate and an estimated $162 billion annually to the American economy. The viticulture industry has grown steadily over the past decade, but grape cultivation faces new and continuing challenges from diseases and abiotic stresses. Grape cultivation relies heavily on wild North American species for rootstocks, and that reliance is expanding. This project will allow researchers to determine the genetic composition of four wild grape species from the Southwest that are used, or have demonstrated promise, for grape breeding. The project will gather information about the ability of these species to resist Pierces Disease, it will generate new information about plant biology, genomics, and evolution, and it will make Vitis one of the best-studied botanical genera. Data obtained from this project will help worldwide grape breeding programs and will be available through a community resource, allowing the project investigators to share their research with members of the public and the wine and grape industries. They will also train and mentor undergraduate students, graduate students and postdoctoral scholars. The PIs work at public universities known for their efforts to broaden participation of underrepresented minorities in STEM fields and serving first generation college students. The cultivation, sustainability and security of grapes (Vitis vinifera) rely heavily on North American Vitis species as sources of resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. This project aims to make Vitis a leading perennial model for comparative genomics, landscape genomics and association genomics. It will also further understanding of the basic biology of resistance to Pierces Disease, which is critical for the sustainability of viticulture. Researchers will assay hundreds of natural accessions to identify plants with resistance and study the geographic distribution of resistance in nature. They will complement phenotypic assays with whole genome resequencing (WGS) data to identify signatures of local adaptation, study the phylogenomics of the genus, and associate genetic variation with climatic variables. They will also employ analyses that aim to uncover important basic information about candidate genes and the genetic architecture underlying abiotic and biotic stress responses. An additional goal is to generate reference genomes for four North American Vitis species that have been used in rootstock breeding; currently, no reference genomes exist for any North American Vitis species. These genomes will be a valuable community resource, facilitate interspecific analyses, form the basis for inferring the pace and pattern of structural rearrangements during species diversification, and aid the identification of homologous and syntenous regions between V. vinifera and its congeners.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.