Structural Policy and Subsidies in the Federal Republic of Germany. Debates and Decisions after the 'Economic Miracle'

拟议的项目将分析关于补贴的辩论和决定，作为联邦共和国结构改革的政治管理工具。它集中讨论了1960年代初至1980年代末这一时期，当时宏观经济增长问题和工业调整危机使结构政策成为一个主要的政治领域，参与者众多-联邦和州政府、欧洲共同体、商业公司和工会、科学和媒体-但只引起历史学家的少量注意。它将补贴理解为对基本经济问题的政治认识的一种表达，是谈判进程的一个结果，力求弥合经济史和一般当代史之间的差距。该项目侧重于狭义的补贴，即对个别公司或整个行业的减税或付款，并将其置于部门和区域结构政策的范围内。在已公布和未公布的数据的基础上，它将首先追踪补贴的数量发展，按赞助地区和部门区分，并将其与西德经济结构变化的基本趋势联系起来。第二，关于补贴作为结构性政策工具的政治和科学、内部和公众辩论将得到重建;在这方面，该项目试图在不同的执政联盟和总体经济概念的过程中，保持经济政策预期水平的连续性和变化。第三，根据档案资料，研究补贴政策的具体谈判和决策过程。在这里，该项目特别关注的影响，不断变化的结构变化和结构政策的学习效果，科学专业知识和公众舆论的作用，以及利益的执行，从而观察行业，联邦和州政府之间的议价能力的变化。作为“老”工业的调整问题和特别是“现代”部门的促进问题的例子，钢铁和飞机工业将得到更密切的审查。

The proposed project will analyze debates and decisions on subsidies as a tool of the political management of structural change in the Federal Republic. It concentrates on the period between the early 1960s and the late 1980s when macroeconomic growth problems and industrial adjustment crises made structural policy a major political area with numerous players - federal and state governments, the European Community, business companies and trade unions, science and media - which has attracted only marginal attention of historians. Understanding subsidies as an expression of the political perception of basic economic problems and as an outcome of processes of negotiation, it seeks to bridge the gap between economic and general contemporary history. The project focuses on subsidies in a narrow sense, i.e. tax deductions for or payments to individual companies or entire industries, and locates them in the context of sectoral and regional structural policy. On the basis of published and unpublished data it will, firstly, trace the quantitative development of subsidies, differentiated by sponsored regions and sectors, and relate it to the basic trends of structural change in the West German economy. Secondly, the political and scientific, internal and public debates about subsidies as an instrument of structural policy are to be reconstructed; here, the project seeks to exemplify continuity and change of levels of expectation in economic policy over the course of varying governing coalitions and overall economic concepts. Thirdly, and based upon archival sources, specific negotiation and decision-making processes of subsidy policy will be examined. Here, the project pays special attention to the influences of changing perceptions of structural change and learning effects of structural policy, the role of scientific expertise and public opinion, and the enforcement of interests, thus observing shifts of bargaining power between industries, federal and state governments. As examples of the adjustment problems of 'old' industries on the one hand and the promotion of particularly 'modern' sectors on the other, the steel and aircraft industries will be examined more closely.