Labor Organization In A Traditional Complex Society

Drs。路易斯安那州立大学的希瑟·麦基洛普和德克萨斯大学泰勒分校的e·科里·希尔斯，以及研究生和本科生将研究在复杂的经济中，主要商品和资源是如何生产和分配的，特别是通过研究市场贸易中主要食品是如何生产的。研究人员将研究使小企业成功的因素，包括劳动力的组织和组成以及市场的确定，以及导致失败的因素。考古学在解决这些问题方面特别有用，因为它提供了生产、商品分配的物证，并有能力调查随着时间的变化。这项研究对美国经济很重要，因为美国经济既包括大公司，也包括包括家族企业在内的小企业。为什么某些因素会让一些企业成功而另一些企业失败？学生，许多是第一代大学生，将在使用技术，如全球定位系统，地理信息系统和3D数字成像，除了参与考古学的跨学科研究，所有市场技能的训练。后代社区以及其他感兴趣的人将参与研讨会，分享项目的发现以及展品的3D打印复制品。此外，从这项研究中获得的知识将通过在线公共存储库、网页和数字更新提供给感兴趣的学生、专业人士和公众。研究人员将通过研究废弃的盐厂来评估盐的生产和分布。在伯利兹南部的一个沿海泻湖上，废弃的盐厂保留了1500到1000年前未被破坏的生产记录。作为一种基本的日常必需品，盐在内陆城市是稀缺的，所以它在沿海的生产反映了一种商品在内陆城市、城镇和小社区市场上的供求关系。以前的考古调查、测绘和样带挖掘表明这里有大量的盐生产。然而，关于劳动力的问题没有答案，包括他们是否住在盐场附近或其他地方，生产是由在个人盐厨房工作的家庭组织的，还是由来自其他地方的日工或季节工组织的。研究人员将在两个大型考古遗址的多座建筑物和邻近的院子里进行空中挖掘，以确定住宅、生产和其他用途。此外，将在盐厂的五个不同区域的较小地点进行挖掘。跨学科合作包括陶器矿物学研究，以确定制造来源，作为内陆市场和消费者位置的代理。该研究结合了土壤化学来识别活动的化学残留物，以及对制盐工具的定量和空间评价。木桩的物种鉴定和放射性碳定年以及柱旁土壤的柱样将对古代景观和建筑建造时间进行评估。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Drs. Heather McKillop of Louisiana State University and E. Cory Sills of The University of Texas at Tyler, along with graduate and undergraduate students will investigate how staple goods and resources are produced and distributed in complex economies, in particular by examining how food staples are produced for marketplace trade. The researchers will examine what factors make small enterprises successful, including the organization and composition of labor and the identification of markets, as well as factors that contribute to failure. Archaeology is particularly useful in addressing these issues due to the material evidence of production, distribution of goods, and the ability to investigate changes over time. The research is important to the United States economy, which includes both large corporations, as well as small businesses, including family-run enterprises. Why do certain factors allow some enterprises to succeed and other's fail? Students, many who are first-generation college students, will be trained in the use of technologies such as Global Positioning Systems, Geographic Information Systems, and 3D digital imaging, all marketable skills in addition to participating in interdisciplinary research in archaeology. Descendant communities as well as other interested people will be involved in workshops to share findings from the project as well as 3D printed replicas for exhibits. Additionally, the knowledge obtained from this study will be available to interested students, professionals, and the public through an online public repository, web page, and digital updates. The researchers will evaluate the production and distribution of salt, a staple good, by study of abandoned salt works where wooden buildings have preserved a record of production untouched from 1500 to 1000 years ago in a coastal lagoon in southern Belize. As a basic daily necessity, salt was scarce at inland cities so its production on the coast figures into supply and demand of a good distributed at inland marketplaces in cities, towns, and smaller communities. Previous archaeological survey, mapping, and transect excavations indicated massive salt production. However, there were unanswered questions about the workforce, including if they lived near the salt works or elsewhere, if production was organized by households who worked individual salt kitchens or by day or seasonal workers from elsewhere. The researchers will carry out aerial excavations inside multiple buildings and in the adjacent yards at two large archaeological sites to identify residential, production, and other uses. In addition, excavations will be carried out at smaller sites in five different areas of the salt works. Interdisciplinary collaboration includes study of mineralogy of pottery to identify the sources of manufacture as a proxy for the locations of inland markets and consumers. The study incorporates soil chemistry to identify chemical residues of activities, along with quantitative and spatial evaluation of salt production tools. Species identification and radiocarbon dating of wooden posts as well as column samples of the earth beside posts will evaluate the ancient landscape and timing of building construction.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.