Pathophysiology, treatment, and epidemiology of Lassa fever in Nigeria

拉沙热是一种由拉沙病毒引起的人畜共患疾病。这种疾病在西非流行。拉沙热的出血过程与高死亡率有关。据估计，每年有10万至50万例感染是由于拉沙病毒从啮齿动物宿主（Mastomys natalensis）传播给人类。该提案的总体目标是在医院、社区和天然水库等各级产生控制非洲拉沙热的知识。研究结果应可转化为实践，并减少拉沙热在非洲环境中的负担。根据总体目标，该方法是涉及病毒学、流行病学、公共卫生、遗传学和动物学的多学科方法。所有这些领域的专家都作为申请人或捐助伙伴列入提案。这些学科密切相关，因为所有工作都集中在尼日利亚埃多州的一个共同研究地点。具体目标扩展了正在进行的项目的目标，并以初步结果为基础：1。了解T细胞在拉沙热病理生理学中的作用。2.确定拉沙热在社区的发病率，作为未来疫苗试验的基础。确定拉沙病毒从啮齿动物到人传播的危险因素.了解空间，时间和宿主特异性突变模式的拉沙病毒在Mastomys啮齿动物在中国5。乳鼠属啮齿动物免疫遗传学与拉沙病毒感染关系的探讨

Lassa fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Lassa virus. The disease is endemic in West Africa. Hemorrhagic courses of Lassa fever are associated with high mortality. It is estimated that 100,000 to 500,000 infections occur each year as a result of transmission of Lassa virus from its rodent reservoir (Mastomys natalensis) to human. The overall objective of this proposal is the generation of knowledge to control Lassa fever in Africa at various levels: in the hospital, in the community, and the natural reservoir. The results shall be translatable into practice and reduce the burden of Lassa fever in the African environment. According to the overall objective, the approach is multidisciplinary involving virology, epidemiology, public health, genetics, and zoology. Experts in all these fields are included in the proposal either as applicants or as contributing partners. The disciplines are closely linked as all work is focussed on a common study site in Edo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives extend the objectives of the on-going project and are based on the preliminary results:1. Understanding the role of T cells in the pathophysiology of Lassa fever.2. Determination of incidence of Lassa fever in communities as basis for future vaccine trials.3. Identification of risk factors for transmission of Lassa virus from rodent to human.4. Understanding spatial, temporal and host-specific mutation patterns of the Lassa virus in Mastomys rodents within Nigeria5. Exploring the association between immunogenetics in Mastomys rodents and Lassa virus infection Status.