Convergence: RAISE Nearshore Water-Land Interface During Extreme Storms

极端风暴对近岸水陆系统产生重大影响，其中海洋和河口波浪和浪涌与陆地过程相互作用，对社会构成高风险。沿海风暴相关的经济损失大幅增加，主要是由于危险沿海地区人口和发展的增加（NRC 2014）。水质退化影响生态系统和人类健康；因此，提高我们预测大风暴对海岸影响的能力是至关重要的。特别是，通过将海洋学、地貌学、水文地质学、地球工程技术、海岸工程和生态学等领域的研究结合起来，该项目将更好地了解极端风暴期间近岸水陆系统过程之间的反馈。研究人员将与生物地球化学家、生态学家和社会科学家密切合作，这样，跨越多个NSF项目的投资和专业知识，可以在这些学科之外取得重大而迅速的进展。提出的融合、综合系统方法将在理解和预测极端风暴的影响和沿海复原力方面取得快速进展，从而改善沿海管理战略。近岸水陆界面对国家经济、安全、商业和娱乐至关重要，大风暴日益威胁社区、基础设施和生态系统。需要一种跨学科的方法来研究风暴期间海洋学（潮汐、浪涌、波浪）、地貌学（沉积物运输、形态演化）、生态学（植被）、气象学（风、雨）、水文地质学（地下水和溶质运输）、地球工程技术（土壤行为、土壤-结构相互作用）和建筑环境（工程、基础设施）之间的相互作用和反馈。通过所有这些过程，将在10米至10公里的尺度上测量这个“近岸系统”内的沿岸变化。研究人员将共同参与一项区域性风暴研究，以解决有关水陆界面过程之间相互作用和耦合的全系统科学问题。多学科科学家之间的日常互动将通过关注几个耦合过程来促进预测模型的共同开发和知识的整合。在本研究中获得的经验和技术将用于建立一个跨学科的风暴追踪近岸极端事件侦察协会（NEER），重点是快速的事件前现场表征和仪器部署，以获得大风暴期间的观测结果。他们还将促进一个交流项目，使学生能够通过与主要学科以外的科学家合作，获得成为跨学科研究领域领导者所需的一系列技能。每两年举行一次会议，重点讨论跨学科研究的进展和挑战，理解近岸系统的技术和方法，以及NEER的发展，将用于保持广泛的社区，使任务多样化的专业知识集中在重大挑战和指导性问题上。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Extreme storms have significant impacts on the nearshore water-land system, where ocean and estuarine waves and surge interact with land processes, that pose high risk to society. Coastal storm-related economic losses have increased substantially, largely owing to increases in population and development in hazardous coastal areas (NRC 2014). Degraded water quality impacts ecosystem and human health; thus, it is critical to improve our ability to predict the impacts of major storms to the coast. In particular, by enabling convergence of research spanning oceanography, geomorphology, hydrogeology, geo-engineering technology, coastal engineering, and ecology, this project will result in a better understanding of the feedbacks among nearshore water-land system processes during extreme storms. The researchers will collaborate closely with biogeochemists, ecologists and social scientists, such that significant and rapid progress transcending these disciplines can be made with investment and expertise spanning multiple NSF programs. The proposed convergent, integrative systems approach will enable rapid advances in understanding and predicting impacts of extreme storms and coastal resilience, leading to improved coastal management strategies. The nearshore water-land interface is vital to the national economy, security, commerce, and recreation, and major storms increasingly threaten communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems. A transdisciplinary approach is needed to investigate interactions and feedbacks among oceanography (tides, surge, waves), geomorphology (sediment transport, morphological evolution), ecology (vegetation), meteorology (wind, rain), hydrogeology (groundwater and solute transport), geo-engineering technology (soil behavior, soil-structure interaction), and the built environment (engineering, infrastructure) during storms. Alongshore variability within this "nearshore-system" will be measured on scales of 10 m to 10 km, through all of these processes. The researchers will be co-located in a regional during-storm study to address system-wide science questions regarding the interactions and couplings between processes at the water-land interface. Daily interactions between scientists in multiple disciplines will facilitate co-development of predictive models and integration of knowledge by focusing on several coupled processes. Experience and techniques gained during this study will be used to develop a transdisciplinary storm-chasing Nearshore Extreme Event Reconnaissance association (NEER), with emphasis on rapid pre-event site characterization and instrument deployment to obtain observations during major storms. They will also facilitate an exchange program to enable students to gain the range of skills needed to be leaders in transdisciplinary research endeavors by working with scientists outside their primary discipline. Biannual conferences focused on cross-disciplinary research advances and challenges, techniques and methods for understanding the nearshore system, and the development of NEER will be used to keep the broad community with task-diverse expertise focused on the big challenges and guiding questions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.