Flugzeuggetragene und bodengebundene Messungen von Albedo, BRDF und Schneeeigenschaften in der Antarktis und deren Kopplung zur Verbesserung prognostischer Schneemodelle

我们建议研究南极地表反照率、双向反射率BRDF和雪特性的时间和空间变异性。该项目的总体目标是改进区域和全球气候模型中使用的雪反照率的预报模型和参数。这些参数将根据雪粒大小、雪面粗糙度和大气参数来制定。为了实现这一目标，我们将把地面现场遥感测量(时间可变性)和机载遥感测量(空间可变性)结合起来。航空数据将包括光谱地表反照率、BRDF、地表粗糙度和雪粒尺寸。在该项目中，将对相应的遥感检索算法进行改进和开发。同样的数量将由安装在科宁空间站的地面仪器在南极高原现场测量。覆盖雪和大气属性的时间变异性的地面测量将允许验证和改进与辐射传输代码相耦合的预报雪模型。通过在模式中实施测量数据，比较模拟和测量的雪反照率以及通过敏感性研究，将验证和改进用于辐射传输和气候模式的雪反照率参数。这将减少预测南极洲未来气候变化的不确定性。

We propose to investigate the temporal and spatial variability of surface albedo, bidirectional reflectivity BRDF and snow properties in Antarctica. The overall goal of the project is to improve prognostic snow models and parameterizations of snow albedo used in regional and global climate models. The parameterizations will be formulated in dependence on snow grain size, snow surface roughness and atmospheric parameters. To achieve this goal we will couple ground based in situ (temporal variability) and airborne remote sensing measurements (spatial variability). Airborne data will include spectral surface albedo, BRDF, surface roughness and snow grain size. Corresponding remote sensing retrieval algorithms will be improved and developed in the project. The same quantities will be measured in situ on the Antarctic plateau by ground based instruments installed at Kohnen Station. The ground based measurements covering the temporal variability of snow and atmospheric properties will allow validating and improving prognostic snow models coupled to a radiative transfer code. By implementing measurement data in the models and comparing simulated and measured snow albedo and by sensitivity studies, snow albedo parameterizations for use in radiative transfer and climate models will be validated and improved. This will reduce uncertainties in predicting future climate change in Antartica.