RAPID: The Social and Behavioral Impact of COVID-19

新冠疫情正在迅速给美国社会带来广泛的变化。该项目调查了成千上万美国人的公众意见、态度和行为，以绘制和跟踪疫情、经济关闭和相应的公共政策造成的社会混乱。该项目将增进对以下方面的理解：(1)公共政策在改变个人行为以符合公共卫生建议方面的有效性；(2)不同形式的公共传播促进对大流行的了解和传播公共卫生建议的方式；(3)社会距离和隔离造成的社会心理压力。SARS、中东呼吸综合征、H1N1和COVID-19的兴起凸显了了解这些现象的必要性——不仅要了解大流行的流行病学，还要了解能够创造积极行为和减轻危害的有效社会政策和做法。这不会是这类事件的最后一次，但随着对其影响的彻底了解，我们可以更好地为下一次事件做好准备。因此，调查结果将为各级政府的政策提供信息。它还将为公民领导人和居民提供信息，从而帮助所有人加大努力，减轻流行病的影响。COVID-19大流行迅速扰乱了美国人的生活。对意见、态度和行为的调查可以追踪这些社会混乱以及对它们的反应。该项目利用了一个由500名受访者组成的互联网小组，在传染增加期间每天招募，总共有7000名受访者。样本具有全国代表性，样本样本为55岁以上的个体。一旦高峰病例数过去，每天的样本量将减少到每天250名应答者，另一个样本量将达到7500人。为了确保代表性，该项目将采用分层后加权的配额抽样。调查答复将与当地卫生部门的数据相匹配，包括检测数量、确诊病例和死亡人数，以及其他政策数据，包括学校关闭、州长公告和命令，以及州一级的立法行动。通过包括地理措施，该项目将确保未来的研究人员将能够探索社区行动如何影响受访者的态度，福祉和公共卫生行为。该项目的研究结果将为有关科学知识、不平等、政治制度、社区、压力和社会信任的社会学理论提供信息。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The COVID-19 pandemic is quickly making broad changes to American society. This project surveys the public opinions, attitudes, and behaviors of thousands of Americans in order to map and track the social disruptions caused by the outbreak, economic shutdowns, and responding public policies. The project will enhance understanding of (1) effectiveness of public policy in changing individual behavior to conform with public health recommendations; (2) the ways in which different forms of public communication create understanding about the pandemic and distribute public health recommendations; and (3) social and psychological stress caused by social distance and quarantine. The rise of SARS, MERS, H1N1, and COVID-19 underline the need to understand these phenomena – not just the epidemiology of pandemics, but the effective social policies and practices that create positive behaviors and mitigate harms. This will not be the last event of its kind, but with a thorough understanding of its effects, we can be better prepared for the next one. As such, the findings will inform governmental policies at several levels. It will also inform civic leaders and residents, thus helping all to mount efforts to mitigate pandemics’ effects.The COVID-19 pandemic has quickly disrupted American life. Surveys of opinions and attitudes and behaviors can track both these social disruptions and responses to them. The project utilizes an internet panel of 500 respondents, recruited daily throughout the period of contagion increase, for a total of 7,000 respondents. The sample is nationally representative, with an oversample of individuals over age 55. Once the peak number of cases has passed, daily sample size will be reduced to 250 respondents per day, for another sample totaling 7,500. To ensure representation, the project will utilize quota sampling with post-stratification weighting. Survey responses will be matched with local health department data, including number of tests, confirmed cases, and fatalities, as well as other policy data, including school closures, gubernatorial announcements and orders, and state-level legislative actions. By including geographic measures, the project will ensure future researchers will be able to explore how community actions affected respondents’ attitudes, well-being, and public health behaviors. Findings from the project will inform sociological theories regarding scientific knowledge, inequality, political institutions, community, stress and social trust.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.