EAGER:Collaborative Research: Blockchain Graphs as Testbeds of Power Grid Resiliece and Functionality Metrics

可再生能源的快速采用、分布式发电技术和微电网部署的增长、物联网设备的广泛实施以及相关的网络安全问题，导致风险格局不断扩大，并将重点从能源系统保护转移到弹性。此外，在过去的二十年中，人们对复杂网络分析跨学科领域开发的工具的应用越来越感兴趣，以提高我们对电力系统和关键基础设施的功能，安全性和可靠性的理解，其中电网网络是不可或缺的组成部分。此类系统本质上是相互关联和相互依存的，因此，由于人为和自然原因，一个组件发生故障，例如，恶劣的天气、老化和恐怖主义等蓄意攻击可能导致灾难性的故障级联。然而，在各种威胁下开发电网和关键基础设施弹性的系统和可靠评估的关键障碍之一是由于数据安全性，隐私性和机密性而无法获得关于系统对对手的响应的地面实况数据。这些问题植根于现代电网的分析，但也是许多其他复杂网络系统所固有的，并且考虑到所有区块链交易交易的公开可用性，我们建议使用区块链图表作为测试-用于验证复杂电网网络上的功能和弹性指标的平台。探索电网对场景中目标攻击和故障的敏感性，允许验证任何建议的方法，地面实况是为电力系统开发可靠的风险缓解策略的关键。该项目开发的新研究方法旨在通过利用图论分析和采用计算拓扑学的通用数学语言，为电力系统，金融，社会科学和其他学科之间更深入的知识整合和转移奠定基础。通过促进新的协同研究计划，该项目将进一步推动知识创造，不仅在电网和区块链上，而且在现代复杂网络上，从大脑连接体到社交媒体平台再到电信--该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的评估被认为值得支持。影响审查标准。

Rapid adoption of renewable energy, growth of distributed generation technologies and microgrid deployment, widespread implementations of IoT devices and associated cybersecurity concerns have led to an ever expanding risk landscape and have, in turn, shifted the focus from energy system protection to resilience. Furthermore, the past two decades have seen a consistently increasing interest in the application of tools developed in the interdisciplinary field of complex network analysis to enhance our understanding of functionality, security, and reliability of power systems and critical infrastructures in which power grid networks serve as an integral constituent. Such systems are intrinsically interconnected and interdependent, and as a result, failure of one component due to manmade and natural cause, e.g., adverse weather, aging, and intentional attacks such as terrorism, can lead to a catastrophic cascade of failures. However, one of the key obstacles for developing systematic and reliable assessment of power grid and critical infrastructure resiliency under various threats is unavailability of ground truth data on system response to adversaries due to data security, privacy and confidentiality. Motivated by these problems rooted in the analysis of modern power grids but inherent to many other complex network systems and given public availability of all blockchain transaction transactions, we propose to use blockchain graphs as a test-bed for validation of functionality and resilience metrics on complex power grid networks.Exploring power grid sensitivity to targeted attacks and failures in scenarios allowing for validation of any proposed methodology against ground truth is the key toward developing reliable risk mitigation strategies for power systems. The novel research approaches to be developed in this project aim to lay foundations for deeper knowledge integration and transfer across power systems, finance, social sciences and other disciplines by utilizing graph-theoretic analysis and adopting a common mathematical language of computational topology. By promoting new synergistic research initiatives, the project will further advance knowledge creation not only on power grids and blockchain but on modern complex networks, from brain connectome to social media platforms to telecommunication-- thereby facilitating resilience and sustainability of our society.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.