AMPS: Collaborative Research: Analysis of Local Power Grid Properties: From Network Motifs to Tensors

电网是社会赖以有效运作的许多其他活动（包括商业、医疗保健、交通等）的关键基础设施。这个清单很长，因为电力使用几乎遍及人类活动的各个方面。因此，提高能源基础设施的复原力和安全性的方法对社会具有重大意义，并对能源基础设施在广泛领域的正常运作具有重大的潜在影响。在过去的十年中，人们越来越关注在复杂网络分析的跨学科领域中开发的工具的应用，以提高我们对电力系统行为的理解。实际上，电网可以自然地描述为图，其中节点表示，例如，变压器、变电站或发电机，并且边表示电连接。复杂网络分析方法为电力系统脆弱性的基本和内在特征以及相关风险缓解策略的有效性提供了新的见解。然而，对局部网络结构在电力系统功能中的作用的认识仍然有限。该项目开发了一种新的方法，以提高我们对各种本地网络功能的功能作用的理解，揭示隐藏在真实的电力系统的脆弱性及其对故障的动态响应背后的机制。本计画提出一种新的方法，透过网路图案来分析电力网的局部拓扑特性，网路图案是网路结构中出现的小循环图案。该方法为理解高阶网络拓扑结构与电网功能之间的联系提供了基础。拟议的配方提出了一个广阔的平台，用于表征电力系统的稳定性，脆弱性和弹性的新的分析方法的发展，并在电网中检测故障，攻击和其他异常的算法。此外，该项目提供了机会，以加强我们的理解更普遍的网络行为的研究，可以更广泛地应用于各种网络物理设置的图案的作用。

Power grids are a critical infrastructure upon which society relies for effective operation of many other pursuits, including commerce, healthcare, transportation, etc. The list is quite long, as electricity use pervades almost every aspect of human activity. Thus, methods for improving the resilience and security of the energy infrastructure are of deep interest to society and have substantial potential impact on its proper functioning across a very broad front. The past decade has seen an increasing interest in the application of tools developed in the interdisciplinary field of complex network analysis to improve our understanding of power system behavior. Indeed, a power grid can be naturally described as a graph where nodes represent, e.g., transformers, substations or generators, and edges represent electrical connections. Methods of complex network analysis have provided new insights into the fundamental and intrinsic characteristics of power system vulnerability and the effectiveness of associated risk mitigation strategies. However, knowledge on the role of local network structures in functionality of power systems yet remains limited. The project develops a new methodology to enhance our understanding on a functional role of various local network features in unveiling hidden mechanisms behind vulnerability of real power systems and their dynamic response to malfunctions. This project contemplates a new approach to analysis of the local topological properties of power grids via network motifs, which are smaller recurrent patterns occurring in network structure. This methodology provides a basis for understanding linkages between higher-order network topologies and functionality of power grids. The proposed formulation presents a broad platform for the development both of new analytical methods for characterizing power system stability, vulnerability and resilience, and of algorithms for detecting faults, attacks and other anomalies in power grids. Furthermore, the project provides opportunities for strengthening our understanding of the role of motifs more generally in the study of network behavior that may be applied more broadly in a variety of cyber-physical settings.