WoU-MMA: Core Collapse Supernova Gravitational Wave Signature Predictions Based on 3D Models with Increasing GR Realism

被称为核心坍缩超新星的大质量恒星的爆炸直接或间接地导致了元素周期表中的大部分元素。要了解我们的宇宙起源，需要详细了解它们是如何发生的。众所周知，核心坍缩超新星发生在恶劣的条件下。非常高密度的恒星物质和非常高的速度，相对于光速，是常态。牛顿理论并没有很好地描述这些环境中的引力。爱因斯坦的理论，即所谓的广义相对论，是必要的。事实上，所有核心坍缩超新星模型的组成部分（引力的描述，恒星核心作为流体的描述，以及以中微子形式存在于星星中的辐射的描述，它驱动了这些爆炸）必须是广义相对论的。在本项目期间，PI将完成这三个组成部分的广义相对论描述的发展。但是大质量恒星有磁场，它们也帮助推动它们的垂死挣扎。因此，磁场也必须包括在内。这个项目将允许PI和他的合作者扩展广义相对论核心坍缩超新星模型，以包括磁场，从而完成它们。核心坍缩超新星是广义相对论的。人们也知道，磁场再也不能被忽视了。模型必须包括广义相对论引力、磁流体力学（MHD）和以矩或玻尔兹曼模型形式出现的光谱中微子动力学。根据目前的合同，将完成在共形平坦近似（CFA）中的广义相对论重力和流体力学解算器的开发。此外，磁场将被包括在内，CFA流体动力学求解器将扩展到MHD。一，二，也许是关键阶段的三维模拟将进行，有和没有磁场。三维模拟跨越恒星质量，旋转和金属量将与目前的生产模拟能力，奇美拉。该项目将支持相关引力波发射的分析。预测的时间特性，如引力波应变在两个偏振，和光谱特性，如引力波频谱和热图，引力波发射。引力波数据将提供给引力波天文学界使用。该项目推进了“宇宙之窗：多信使天体物理学时代”的目标，这是NSF未来投资的10大创意之一。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Explosions of massive stars known as core collapse supernovae are responsible directly or indirectly for the lion’s share of the elements in the periodic table. A detailed understanding of how they occur is needed to understand our cosmic origins. It is known that core collapse supernovae occur under severe conditions. Very high densities of stellar material and very high velocities of this material, relative to the speed of light, are the norm. Gravity in these environments is not well described by Newton’s theory. Einstein’s theory, the so-called general theory of relativity, is needed. In fact, all core collapse supernova model components (the description of gravity, the description of the stellar core as a fluid, and the description of the radiation present in the star in the form of neutrinos, which drives these explosions) must be general relativistic. During the time period of this project, the PI will complete the development of the general relativistic descriptions of these three components. But massive stars have magnetic fields, and they, too, aid in driving their death throes. Thus, magnetic fields must be included as well. This project will allow the PI and his collaborators to extend general relativistic core collapse supernova models to include magnetic fields and, thereby, complete them. Core collapse supernovae are general relativistic. It is known, too, that magnetic fields can no longer be ignored. Models must include general relativistic gravity, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and spectral neutrino kinetics in the form of moments or a Boltzmann model. Under the current award, the development of solvers for general relativistic gravity and hydrodynamics in the Conformally Flat Approximation (CFA) will be completed. In addition, magnetic fields will be included, and the CFA hydrodynamics solver will be extended to MHD. One-, two-, and perhaps critical phases of three-dimensional simulations will be performed, with and without magnetic fields. Three-dimensional simulations spanning stellar mass, rotation, and metallicity will be performed with the current production simulation capability, Chimera. This project will support the analysis of the associated gravitational wave emission. Predictions for both the temporal characteristics, such as the gravitational wave strain in both polarizations, and the spectral characteristics, such as the gravitational wave spectrum and heatmaps, of the gravitational wave emission will be made. The gravitational wave data will be made available to the gravitational wave astronomy community for its use.This project advances the objectives of "Windows on the Universe: the Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics", one of the 10 Big Ideas for Future NSF Investments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.