MRI: Acquisition of a Hawaii Statewide Mesonet

夏威夷群岛在一小块土地上有巨大的气候变化，地形复杂，降雨和植被差异极大。目前，在夏威夷的许多地区，与大气科学、水文学和生态系统科学相关的降雨、温度和土壤条件的长期观测是不可用的。通过这项主要研究仪器奖，夏威夷Mesonet将建立起来。Mesonet（中尺度网络）是一组密集分布的观测站，在这种情况下侧重于地面天气和陆地观测。Mesonet将使各种各样与夏威夷人民和其他地形不同地区有关的科学研究成为可能。该奖项具有明显的社会相关性，通过合作组织，如水和自然资源管理者、消防部门、州和联邦组织证明了这一点。学生和博士后研究人员将获得仪器安装、校准和维护方面的现场经验，Mesonet的数据将被纳入课堂，以扩大此次收购的影响。研究小组还将与旨在促进夏威夷本土学生参与研究的项目合作。这份主要研究仪器采购合同是为了部署一个全州范围内最先进的气候监测站网络。夏威夷Mesonet将由84个气候观测站组成，这些观测站配备有降雨、空气温度和湿度、风速和风向、太阳辐射和净辐射、土壤湿度、热通量和温度等传感器。每个站点将有一个数据记录器，太阳能充电电源和数据电信设备，允许实时数据传输。将利用夏威夷Mesonet进行的三个示例研究包括：1)山区环境中的对流起始；2)确定关键流域储水阈值，以便预测各种流域的高流量极端值；3)温度、湿度和太阳辐射对不同生态系统类型和条件下生态系统碳通量的相互作用。该项目由物理与动态气象学（PDM）计划、刺激竞争性研究的既定计划（EPSCoR）和主要研究仪器（MRI）计划共同资助。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The Hawaiian Islands have tremendous climatic variability over a small land area, with complex topography and extreme differences in rainfall and vegetation. Long-term observations of rainfall, temperature, and soil conditions are currently unavailable in many areas of Hawaii that are relevant to atmospheric science, hydrology, and ecosystems science. Through this Major Research Instrumentation award, the Hawaii Mesonet will be established. A Mesonet (mesoscale network) is a densely located set of observational stations, in this case focusing on surface weather and land observations. The Mesonet will enable a wide variety of scientific studies with relevance to the people of Hawaii and in other topographically diverse regions. The award has clear societal relevance as evidenced through the partner organizations, such as water and natural resource managers, fire departments, and state and federal organizations. Students and post-doctoral researchers will gain field experience in instrument installation, calibration and maintenance, and data from the Mesonet will be incorporated in classes to expand the impact of the acquisition. The research team will also work with programs intended to boost the involvement of native Hawaiian students in research.This Major Research Instrumentation acquisition award is for the deployment of a statewide network of state-of-the-art climate monitoring stations. The Hawaii Mesonet will consist of 84 climate stations with sensors for rainfall, air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction, solar and net radiation, and soil moisture, heat flux and temperature. The stations will each have a data logger, power supply with solar charging, and data telecom device allowing for real-time data transmission. Three example studies that will be conducted using the Hawaii Mesonet include: 1) Convective initiation in mountainous environments, 2) Identifying critical basin water storage thresholds to enable prediction of high flow extremes in a diverse range of watersheds, and 3) Interactive effects of temperature, moisture, and solar radiation on ecosystem carbon fluxes across diverse ecosystem types and conditions.This project is jointly funded by the Physical and Dynamic Meteorology (PDM) program, the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), and the Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.