Medicine in "World War III". Physicians and civil defense in West Germany (1960-1990)

冷战的历史也是一场没有发生的核战争的历史。几十年来，政治家、军方领导人、民事专家以及铁幕两边的许多公民确实预见到了一场全球战争的可能性，这场战争是用大规模杀伤性武器进行的。这场没有发生的战争的历史仍然是一部期待和幻想的历史，一部军事演习和战略规划的历史，一部余波掩体建造战役和躲避演习的历史。这是民防管理和最坏情况计划的历史，它预见了数百万人的痛苦和死亡。在中欧，这场未来战争的主战场之一将是两个德国州的领土。这项研究项目将调查西德医学界是如何为1960至1990年间德国领土上可能爆发的核战争做准备的。它基于大量已出版和未出版的资料，这些资料来自民政管理的不同部门、军事医疗服务团、医生专业组织、民防机构以及国际防止核战争医生组织等和平活动家。该项目将描述和分析医生关于自己在核战争中扮演的角色的专业论述，他们预期的前提和情景，已经编纂在手册和现场手册中的行动规则，以及关于民防和在核大规模杀伤性威胁下承诺的医疗保健的可靠性的公开辩论。在方法上，它将结合政治史和文化史以及医学专业史和科学史的观点。这项研究同样对专业组织的历史、医生的自我形象以及公众对专家合法性的讨论也很感兴趣，这些专家实际上必须决定数百万人的生死存亡。更广泛、更系统的解释语境可以从福柯的生物政治概念、迪迪埃·法辛·S对生活政治的思考，以及20世纪的社会工程愿景中衍生出来。

The history of the Cold War is also the history of a nuclear war that did not occur. For decades politicians, military leaders, civil experts, as well as many citizens on both sides of the iron curtain did anticipate the possibility of a global war, fought out with weapons of mass destruction. The history of this war which did not take place remained a history of expectations and fantasies, of war games and strategic planning, of fallout shelter building campaigns and duck-and-cover exercises. And it was the history of civil defense administrations and worst case schemes, which anticipated the suffering and dying of millions of people. In Central Europe one of the main battlefields of this future war would have been the territory of both German states. This research project will investigate how the West German medical profession did prepare for the eventuality of a nuclear war on German soil between 1960 and 1990. It is based on a vast amount of published and unpublished sources from different branches of the civil administration, from the military medical service corps, from professional organizations of physicians, from civil defense agencies and also from peace activists as the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. The project will describe and analyze the professional discourse of physicians about their own role in the case of a nuclear war, the premises and scenarios they anticipated, the rules of action, which had been codified in handbooks and field manuals as well as public debates about civil defense and the reliability of the promised medical care under the threat of nuclear mass destruction. Methodologically it will combine perspectives from political and cultural history as well as from the history of the medical profession and the history of science. The study is likewise interested in the history of professional organizations, the self-image of physicians and of the public discourse about the legitimacy of experts who literally would have to decide about death or survival of millions of people. A broader and more systematic context of interpretation can be derived from the Foucauldian notion of bio-politics, Didier Fassin s considerations about politics of life, and the 20th Century vision of social engineering.