Chemistry of Graphene Nanoribbons

我们首先用氧化石墨烯（GO）制备了结构完整、缺陷最少的石墨烯。现在我们想通过防止更多的缺陷来提高石墨烯的性能。系统研究石墨烯质量和氧化石墨烯结构与石墨类型、形貌、存在缺陷密度、氧化剂用量，特别是工艺温度的关系。现在可以首次检查不同还原方法的还原及其对缺陷密度的影响，并应该导致氧化石墨烯还原剂的排名。另一个重点是对残余缺陷的分析，以及表面的纯度。所得到的材料被用来建造透明的导电层。利用场效应晶体管，石墨烯的性质将被调制，从而在石墨烯中打开一个带隙。我们最感兴趣的是非共价方法。氧化石墨烯的非破坏性化学功能化对于构建高性能石墨烯结构至关重要。为了充分利用石墨烯的潜力，必须避免缺陷。利用我们改进的石墨烯，可以研究化学反应及其对石墨烯质量的影响。可以研究碳骨架在酸性或碱性介质中的稳定性信息，以确定允许氧化石墨烯进一步非破坏性功能化的反应条件。我们最近制造的叠氮化物功能化氧化石墨烯是迄今为止唯一的非破坏性氧化石墨烯功能化的例子。因此，将深入研究氧化石墨烯的反应性，包括对卤化物和伪卤化物的反应性，以提供更广泛的化学研究。此外，借助对15n标记的叠氮氧化石墨烯的固态核磁共振研究，将首次有可能获得不同缺陷密度氧化石墨烯的化学结构的新见解。另一个目标是通过叠氮化物来提高氧化石墨烯的功能化程度。为此，正在开发激活氧化石墨烯的方法。随后的反应，如点击反应，将首次在温和的条件下进行研究。这些材料提供了广泛的后续化学作用，并将在复合材料的首次试验中进行测试。项目最后阶段的一个特定目标是将氧化石墨烯用于储能。这种系统在移动应用和电动汽车方面具有巨大的潜力。

We firstly prepared structurally intact graphene, with a minimum of defects, from graphene oxide (GO). Now we want to increase the properties of this graphene by preventing few more defects. Systematic studies on the graphene quality and the structure of GO in dependence on the graphite type, morphology, existing defect density, amount of oxidant and especially the temperature of the process will be done.The reduction with different reducing methods and their influence on the defect density can now be examined for the first time and should lead to a ranking of reducing agents for GO. Another focus is on the analysis of residual defects, as well as the purity of the surfaces. The resulting material is used to build transparent and electrically conductive layers.Using field-effect transistors, the properties of the graphene will be modulated to open a band gap in graphene. We are mostly interested in non-covalent approaches.The non-destructive chemical functionalization of GO is essential for building high-performance graphene architectures. Defects must be avoided to use the full potential of graphene. With our improved graphene, it is possible to study chemical reactions and their effect on the resulting graphene quality. Information on the stability of the carbon skeleton as in acidic or basic medium can be investigated to identify reaction conditions that allow further non-destructive functionalization of GO.The azide-functionalized GO recently manufactured by us is so far the only example of a non-destructive functionalization of GO. Therefore, the reactivity of GO will be examined in depth, including towards halides and pseudo halides to provide a broader chemistry.Moreover, it will firstly be possible to gain new insights into the chemical structure of GO with different defect density with the help of solid-state NMR studies of 15N-labeled azido-GO. Another goal will be to increase the degree of functionalization of GO with azide. For this purpose, methods are being developed to activate GO. Subsequent reactions, such as click reactions will be studied under mild conditions for the first time. These materials provide a wide follow-up chemistry and will be tested in first trials for composite materials.A particular goal in the final phase of the project will be to use GO for energy storage. Such systems have great potential in terms of mobile applications, as well as electric vehicles.