Advancing Graph Signal Processing Techniques for Monitoring and Control of Electric Distribution Power Systems

这个NSF项目旨在将电网的物理建模与机器学习算法理论相结合，以有利于能源输送系统的监测和控制。虽然我们将开发的基本理论广泛适用于输配电系统，但我们关注的电网部分是正在经历最大变革的部分，即配电网。这部分系统不仅提出了独特的建模挑战，而且由于分布式能源的整合和响应需求和存储的控制，它也正在发生重大变化。这些都是可持续能源交付的关键因素，该项目将为数字技术和机器智能带来革命性的变化，从而加速这一转变。更具体地说，该提案探索了一种新的数学方法来分析电网信号，根植于基本的电力系统基于图形的方法，并产生于将系统状态解释为图形信号的实例。目标是利用来自图信号处理（GSP）和图傅立叶分析的见解，提取信号特征，从而改进数据驱动的推理和决策算法。目前，GSP机器学习工具是为真实信号而设计的，而不是基于物理的。该项目将通过提供网格图信号理论的基础来填补这一空白。这需要扩展GSP工具来处理复杂的信号，将电网系统参数纳入算法，并考虑实际的功率测量系统。与通用机器学习算法相比，目标是更好地表示数据的时空特征，并推进GSP中的理论工具，这些工具不是基于信号包络和网格物理捕获属性的系统。开发的工具将开放源代码。除了在GSP方面取得的进展外，该项目还将通过向纽约市公立学校的推广产生更广泛的影响，并为K-12学生创建一个简短的课程，辅以一本插图书，解释能源是如何交付的，以及发达社会实现脱碳经济目标所需遵循的道路。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This NSF project aims to incorporate the physical modeling of the electric grid in the theory of machine learning algorithms, to benefit the monitoring and control of energy delivery systems. While the basic theory we will develop applies broadly to transmission and distribution systems, the section of the grid we are focusing on is the one that is undergoing the greatest transformation, which is the distribution grid. This section of the system not only poses unique modeling challenges, it is also undergoing significant changes because of the integration of distributed energy resources and the control of responsive demand and storage. These are the key ingredients to sustainable energy delivery, and the project will bring transformative changes to the digital technology and machine intelligence that can accelerate this transition. More specifically, the proposal explores a novel mathematical approach for the analysis of grid signals, rooted in fundamental power systems graph-based methods and born out of interpreting the system state as an instance of graph signals. The goal is to use the insights that come from Graph Signal Processing (GSP) and from graph Fourier analysis, to extract signals features that allow to improve data driven inference and decision algorithms. At this time, GSP machine learning tools are designed for real signals and are not physics based. The project will fill this gap, by providing the underpinning for a theory of grid graph signals. This entails extending the GSP tools to tackle complex signals, incorporating the grid system parameters in the algorithm and considering realistic power measurements systems. The goal is to have a better representation of the spatial-temporal characteristics of the data as compared to generic machine learning algorithms and advance the theoretical tools in GSP which are not based on systems whose properties are captures by the signals envelopes and on the physics of the grid. The tools developed will be made available open source. In addition to the advances in GSP, the project will have broader impact through its outreach to New York City public schools and create a short program for K-12 students, supported by an illustrated book, explaining how energy is delivered and the path that advanced societies need to follow to achieve the goal of a decarbonized economy.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.