Collaborative Research: SHINE: Investigation of Mini-filament Eruptions and Their Relationship with Small Scale Magnetic Flux Ropes in Solar Wind

众所周知，磁绳普遍存在于太阳表面和行星际空间。MFRs通常被定义为围绕彼此扭转并且围绕公共轴缠绕的磁场束。大尺度MFRs通常与太阳暗条爆发、日冕物质抛射（CMEs）在太阳风中的传播以及行星际CMEs（ICMs）有关。近年来，太阳表面和太阳风中的小尺度磁共振（SMFRs）受到了极大的关注。从美国国家科学基金会资助的大熊太阳天文台（BBSO）的1.6米古德太阳望远镜（GST）和美国宇航局的帕克太阳探测器（PSP）的高分辨率观测中，初步证据表明它们数量众多且无处不在。该项目涉及太阳、日光层和行星际环境（SHINE）的目标，即将太阳表面的SMFR的产生和传播与太阳风联系起来。两名女性早期职业研究人员将得到支持，以及本科生，研究生和高中生。该小组将指导学生在NSF REU网站的新泽西理工学院（NJIT）和亚拉巴马亨茨维尔大学（UAH）。使用高分辨率，高偏振和光谱数据从GST，现场观测从PSP以及其他地面和空间观测，NJIT和UAH加入努力进行全面的案例和统计研究太阳表面和太阳风的SMFR。该小组将研究它们的运动学、热和磁特性，以及与迷你灯丝爆发有关的可能的光球磁场演变。此外，他们还将发现太阳微灯丝爆发与太阳风中检测到的SMFR之间的联系。该项目使用了NSF资助的BBSO地面观测数据。结合GST/BBSO和PSP的最先进数据，该团队将披露SMFR的详细特性，并解决以下关键科学问题。(1)微暗条爆发的动力学性质是什么（速度、温度、密度、能量）？(2)与微暗条爆发相关的光球磁结构和演化是什么？(3)冕洞和规则宁静太阳中微暗条爆发的统计分布是什么？(4)从统计学上讲，太阳风中的小暗条爆发和SMFR之间是否存在可能的联系？这些问题从两个方面来说都很重要：（1）揭示SMFR的基本等离子体特性;（2）促进对太阳风瞬变形成的理解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

It is well known that magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) exist ubiquitously in the solar surface and in the interplanetary space. MFRs are generally defined as a bundle of magnetic fields that are twisted about each other and wrap around a common axis. The large scale MFRs are often associated with solar filament eruptions, subsequent propagation of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) in solar wind, and furthermore, the Interplanetary CMEs (ICMs) towards Earth. In recent years, small-scale MFRs (SMFRs) in both solar surface and solar wind are receiving significant attention. Initial evidences show that they are numerous and ubiquitous from high resolution observations from the NSF-funded 1.6m Goode Solar Telescope (GST) of Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) and from NASA’s Parker Solar Probe (PSP). This project addresses the Solar, Heliospheric, and Interplanetary Environment (SHINE) goal of linking the generation and propagation of SMFRs from the solar surface to the solar wind. Two female early career researchers will be supported, as well as undergraduate, graduate, and high school students. The team will mentor students at the NSF REU sites of New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) and the University of Alabama Huntsville (UAH).Using high-resolution, high-polarimetric and spectroscopic data from GST, in-situ observations from PSP as well as other ground-based and space observations, NJIT and UAH join an effort to carry out comprehensive case and statistical studies of SMFRs in solar surface and solar wind. The team will investigate the kinematic, thermal and magnetic properties of them, as well as possible photospheric magnetic field evolution associated with eruption of mini-filaments. In addition, they will find the connection between solar mini-filament eruptions and detected SMFRs in solar wind. The project uses data from NSF funded ground-based observations of BBSO. Combining the most advanced data from GST/BBSO and PSP, the team will disclose detailed properties of SMFRs and address the following key science questions. (1) What are the dynamic properties of mini-filament eruptions (velocity, temperature, density, energy)? (2) What is the photospheric magnetic structure and evolution associated with mini-filament eruptions? (3) What are the statistical distributions of mini-filament eruption in coronal holes and regular quiet sun? (4) Statistically, is there a possible connection between mini-filament eruptions and the SMFRs in the solar wind? These questions are of importance from two aspects: (1) to disclose the basic plasma properties of SMFRs and (2) to advance understanding of the formation of transients in the solar wind.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.