Drawbacks and opportunities in the mobility supply by the informal sector. The example of moto-taxis in cities of the Sub-Sahara.

非正规部门在流动供给方面的缺陷和机会。撒哈拉以南城市的摩托出租车的例子。在撒哈拉以南非洲快速发展的城市中，国家提供的当地公共交通系统不足。虽然非正规部门提供的运输确实弥补了供应不足，但与此同时，这也导致了新供应的引入和现有供应的改善往往受到阻碍，甚至遭到破坏。关于改善非正规运输规定的条例失败，不仅是因为公共当局缺乏执行手段，而且往往也违背了个人提供制度中行为者的利益。因此，为了发展一个更强大的城市交通系统，必须了解所涉及的行为者(各种提供者和依赖他们就业的人，往往没有任何形式的合同)及其利益。此外，必须了解目前的框架条件(监管；国家或其他形式的体制支助；资金选择)对运输提供的形式和组织的影响及其进一步发展的可能性。有鉴于此，该项目的目标是比较审查撒哈拉以南非洲的两个快速发展的城市恩贾梅纳(乍得)和科托努(贝宁)的供应制度、行为者的利益以及由此产生的业务。这两个城市之所以被选中，是因为它们在发展方面表现出许多相似之处。作为一个例子，需要遵守的具体规定是摩托车，长期以来，它在撒哈拉以南非洲城市形成了一种特别灵活的公共交通形式，鉴于日益增长的机动性需求，它的重要性越来越大。提供机动车服务在城市扩张中发挥着特殊的作用，因为它可以对新的需求做出快速反应。在审查摩托出租车提供问题时要特别讨论的问题可分为三类：(1)提供及其特点(服务领域、成本、属性)；(2)行为者及其作用；(3)行为者作为规则和依赖关系的基础。该项目的调查结果为了解撒哈拉以南非洲城市的空间和交通发展的相互作用提供了重要的科学贡献。此外，该项目旨在支持实用的可用性。因此，将与当地科学家和负责规划的人员讨论，为改善当地交通状况和未来发展战略开辟新的前景。这些调查结果将对作为资助机构参与非洲城市交通发展的机构特别有用。

Drawbacks and opportunities in the mobility supply by the informal sector. The example of moto-taxis in cities of the Sub-Sahara. In the fast-growing cities of sub-Saharan Africa, there is a deficiency of state-provided local public transport systems. Whilst it is true that the deficit in provision is compensated for by transport supplied by the informal sector, at the same time this leads to the introduction of new, and the improvement of existing, provision often being hampered or even torpedoed. Regulations concerning the improvement of informal transport provision fail not only due to the public authorities lacking the means of enforcement; they also often go against the interests of the actors in the system of individual provision. In order to develop a more powerful urban transport system, the actors involved (the various providers and those dependent on them for employment, often without any form of contract) and their interests must therefore be known. Furthermore, the influence of the current framework conditions (regulation; state or other forms of institutional support; funding options) on the form and organization of transport provision and the possibilities of its further development must be understood. In light of this, the goal of the project is to comparatively examine the system of provision, the interests of the actors and the operations arising from them, in N'Djamena (Chad) and Cotonou (Benin), two fast-growing cities in sub-Saharan Africa. Both cities were selected because they manifest many similarities in development. The specific provision to be observed as an example is the mototaxi, which has for a long time formed an especially flexible form of public transport in sub-Saharan African cities and, in view of growing mobility demand, is gaining increasing significance. Mototaxi provision is playing a special role in the expansion of cities, as it can react rapidly to new needs. The questions to be particularly addressed in the examination of moto-taxi provision can be divided into three groups: (1) the provision and its characteristics (service areas, costs, attributes), (2) the actors and their roles, (3) the actors underlying rules and dependencies. The project findings provide an essential scientific contribution to the understanding of the interaction of spatial and transport development in the cities of sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, the project aims at supporting practical usability. Therefore, new prospects for the improvement of the local transport situation and for future development strategies will be opened up in discussion with local scientists, but also with those responsible for planning. These findings will be particularly useful for institutions involved as funding bodies in the development of transport in African cities.