Diglossia, language ideology and the language standardization process in Greece between 1800-1930

这本专著的主要目的是研究1774年至20世纪30年代民族国家晚期希腊语精英，更确切地说是希腊语社区的书面变体的阐述和社会功能。它表明，由于多种原因，古代、中世纪和现代早期的社会语言状况无法与希腊建国前后(183011832)相提并论。从这样的角度来看，尽管共产主义认为，术语dilossia在某种程度上只适用于1800年前的时间。对主要来源的详细检查表明，标准的现代希腊语并不是在1900年左右或战后时期出现的，而是在希腊启蒙运动时期，即大约1800年开始具体化。在这方面，关于(书面)标准现代希腊语的辩论采取了不同的形式。因为，尽管以白话为基础的标准变体已经存在于1800年左右，但不同的(语言)意识形态和刻板印象破坏了语言标准化(和解放)进程的稳定。因此，现代希腊语(与所谓的拜占庭式的“Mehrschiftlichkeit”形成对比)不应被视为古代或中世纪的遗产。而是对现代希腊的社会文化和语言思想条件的一种构建。

The primary aim of this monograph is to study the elaboration and the social function of the written varieties of the Greek speaking elites or rather the Greek speech community in the late national state between 1774 and the 1930's. lt is shown that the sociolinguistic situation in the antiquity, the middle ages and the early modern time is, due to a number of reasons, not comparable with the time prior to and after the constitution of the Greek state (183011832). Viewed this way, the term diglossia is, despite the communis opinion, only to some extent suitable for the time prior to 1800.A detailed examination of the primary sources has revealed that the Standard Modern Greek has not arisen around 1900 or in the post-war period, but began to crystallize already at the time of the Greek Enlightenment, i.e. about 1800. ln this regard, the debate over the (written) Standard Modern Greek language takes a different shape. For, although a standard variety based on the vernacular already existed about 1800, the language standardization (and emancipation) process was destabilized by different (language-)ideological ideas and stereotypes. Thus, the modern Greek diglossia is (in contrast to the so-called Byzantine "Mehrschriftlichkeit") to be regarded less as an ancient or medieval heritage. but rather as a construct of the socio-cultural and languageideological conditions of modern Greece.