"Circulating Passions: Knowing and doing emotions in 17th century China"

中国语境中的情感史还远未成为一个界定明确的研究领域。然而，人们普遍认识到，情感词汇在时间和地点以及意识形态方面都不同，在美学、哲学、伦理和医学背景下，情感的理解和概念化是不同的。因此，中国是否了解心理学，或者个体的内心状态是否已经概念化，这些问题在很大程度上仍然没有答案。非常缺少的是对文本的微观仔细阅读，这些文本涉及日常经验和相关实践。这就是这本书的主题：情感、感觉和情绪，在17世纪重大剧变和偶发经历的时期，医学著作中的文本就是这样的。在空间上，调查文本来源于江南宏观区域。情，情。基于人本主义思想，主观主义和个人主义学者寻求与欧洲启蒙运动进行比较，因为在这里，主观情感也将对普遍规范的批评作为做出改变的理由。作为“情感崇拜”，关于“爱、感觉、情感”这三个术语的语义在历时和同步视角上都有很大的不同。这本书强烈关注传达情感和敏感性含义的术语，展示了如何以高度透明的方式实现在确定的时间-地点-关系内探索、描述和分析情感的雄心勃勃的目标。这是对医学、文学和哲学观点进行多层次分析的基础，重点是愤怒、恐惧、痛苦、抑郁或深深的沮丧、快乐、向往和羞耻，因为这些情感在当时的医学文本中最突出地出现。它们看起来不是作为私人的灵魂状态，而是作为内脏中执行的过程，或者是脉动的电流，或者是打结的思想，或者是熊熊燃烧的火焰。此外，这些循环的情感同时出现在社会空间中作为循环的力量。当情绪和激情过度跳动到停滞和循环的程度时，医生就会发挥作用，他们仔细地描述了情绪过程的各种病理表现。这本书避免任何仓促的抽象和概括，着眼于导致探索社会空间和身体之间的连接的特殊性。

The history of emotions in the Chinese context is still far from being a well-defined field of research. It is generally recognized however that the emotion lexicon differed in terms of time and place, as well as in terms of ideospheres, and that emotions are differently perceived and conceptualized in aesthetic, philosophical, ethical and medical contexts. As a result, questions of whether China knew about psychology or not, or whether individual inner states of being have conceptualized or not remain largely unanswered. What is extremely missing, are microscopic-like close readings of texts that refer to everyday experiences and related practices. This is what this book is about: emotions, feelings and moods, as were textualized in medical writings during a period of significant upheaval and experiences of contingency in the 17th century. Spatially, the investigated texts stem from the Jiangnan macro-region. Qing ("feeling, emotion, passion, love, affection, situational sensitivity") appears in 16th and 17th centuries' literary writings as outstanding feature of intrinsically human beings, as natural and necessary expression of human existence. Based on the idea of humanism, subjectivism and individualism scholars sought the comparison with the European enlightenment, because here too subjective feelings apply criticism of prevailing norms as justifications for making change. Coined as the "cult of emotions", the semantics of the terms regarding "love, feeling, emotion" however vary in diachronic as much as in synchronous perspective. With a strong concern for terms that transport meanings of emotions and sensitivities this book demonstrates how the ambitious goal exploring, describing and analyzing emotions within a determined time-place-relation can be achieved in a highly transparent way. This being the foundational ground for the multi-level analysis of medical, literary and philosophical views the focus is on anger, fear, pain, depression or deep dejection, happiness, yearning and shame, since these emotions appear most prominently in the medical texts of the time. They do not appear as private soul-states, but rather as performed processes within the entrails either as pulsating currents or as knotted thoughts, or as blazing fire. Moreover, these circulating emotions simultaneously appear as circulating powers in the social space. When the emotions and passions pulsate too excessively to the extent of stagnation and circulation will stop, physicians come into play, and they carefully described the various pathological manifestations of emotion processes. This book refrains from any haste abstraction and generalization, and looks at particularities that lead to explore the very conjunctions between the social space and the body.