Alte Geschichte: Hermes und Herakles. Formen, Strata und Funktionen mythischer Sphärenwechsel in der griechischen Kultur

该项目追求双重目标。该项目采用经典（古代历史）的视角，旨在突出古希腊社会中关于变化者和领域与空间变化的神话传统的重要性。两个主要的例子将被研究：爱马仕作为一个神和神圣的使者和赫拉克勒斯作为一个英雄谁达到奥林匹斯山，并获得了神圣的存在。这些例子将在他们的发展在几个世纪的审查。研究的重点是神话故事与历史语境之间的互动问题。另一个重要的观点是神话传统对仪式实践的影响，反之亦然。研究的关键主题是神与人之间以及人与英雄/死者之间的沟通形式。也考虑到人类希望获得不朽：古代来源经常将这个话题与爱马仕或赫拉克勒斯联系起来。该项目研究了关于爱马仕和赫拉克勒斯的神话如何影响古代神秘领域和对死者的特定崇拜，希腊化时代的私人英雄化和希腊统治者崇拜，直到罗马皇帝的仪式神化。对于所提出的项目来说，同样重要的是研究小组的方法和比较目标的整合。所选神话的例子<$检查了各种各样的来源<$将显示方法论策略的可操作性：通过新的方法论方法（神话主题排序和分层分析）实现神话的跨文化可比性。希腊神话在这方面特别重要，因为它与古代近东神话和罗马传统的动机相似。这些相似性经常被观察到（或假设），但从未被系统地比较过。因此，该项目将产生关于神话在古希腊社会中的作用的新知识。此外，新的见解，预计在文化间的类型或某些神话的动机，似乎在不同的文化和宗教社区在（扩展）古代地中海和近东相似的遗传连接。研究小组的比较方法将有助于说明和解释希腊神话和其他神话在社会功能和历史嵌入性方面的文化差异和相似之处。

The project pursues a double objective. Adopting the perspective of the classics (ancient history) the project wants to highlight the importance of mythological traditions about changers and changes of spheres and spaces in ancient Greek society. Two main examples will be studied: Hermes as a god and divine messenger and Heracles as a hero who reached Mount Olympus and gained a divine existence. These examples will be examined in their development during the centuries. Focus of the investigation is the question of interactions between mythic stories and historical contexts. Another important point is the influence mythological traditions have exerted on ritual practice and vice versa. Key subjects for the research are the forms of communication both between Gods and men and between men and heroes/the dead. Also taken into view is the human hope to gain immortality: the ancient sources often connect this topic with Hermes or Heracles. The project examines how myths about Hermes and Heracles influenced the field of ancient mysteries and the specific cult of the dead, private heroization in Hellenistic times and the Greek ruler cult up to the ritual apotheosis of the Roman emperor. Equally important for the proposed project is the integration in the methodical and comparatistic aims of the research group. The selected mythological examples ¿ examined on a wide variety of sources ¿ will show the operationability of the methodological strategy: to achieve intercultural comparability of myths by new methodological approaches (mytheme sequencing and stratification analysis). Greek myths are particularly important in this respect, because of the motivic similarities with both Ancient Near Eastern myths and Roman traditions. These similarities have been often observed (or postulated), but have never been systematically compared. Accordingly the project will generate new knowledge about the function of myth in ancient Greek society. In addition new insights are expected on the intercultural typological or genetic connections of certain mythological motives that seem similar in different cultures and religious communities in the (extended) ancient Mediterranean and Near East. The comparative approach of the research group will contribute to illustrate and to explain the cultural specific differences and similarities in the social function and historical embeddedness of greek and other myths.