High-performance and lightweight Graphene-CFRP tank for storage of compressed Hydrogen for aerospace applications

长期以来，航空航天领域的压缩燃料一直被视为一种出色的耐用性和损伤容忍度（D&DT），是未来环境可持续发展的可靠候选者。自第一次研究以来，设计轻质且高度绝缘的加压氢气储罐已被确定为关键技术之一。该提案详细介绍了该联盟为航空航天应用设计和开发基于石墨烯的高性能轻质压缩储氢罐演示器的计划。该储罐将由：a)纳米材料增强熔融沉积模型（FDM， 3D打印）聚合物衬里，b)石墨烯低渗透层和c)石墨烯及相关材料增强基质CFRP复合材料包覆层组成。演示器将满足TRL 3级。该水箱利用GRMs的材料特性，如抗渗性、结构强度和导电性，开发出具有以下特点的产品：高强度、低重量低渗透性3。在静态爆裂、疲劳、自增强和冲击载荷条件下具有高耐久性和损伤容限（D&DT）。考虑到制造工艺、材料、几何形状的分散，可靠性高。高导电性，防雷极端条件下的稳定性（例如，环境温度从+55°C变化到-55°C的航空环境，环境压力从大气压变化到0.3 bar，以及在五年内大约10,000次这样的起飞到着陆循环）。该计划将经历以下设计演变：-候选纳米材料的选择和分析-单个功能组件的样品开发-衬垫，膜和覆盖层。-开发三个功能部件的数值模型-通过渗透性测试、机械和电气测试对样品进行实验分析-用实验结果验证数值模型-组合罐演示系统的设计和数值分析-罐系统的安全性分析-罐演示样机的制造-实验分析包括泄漏测试（使用低压氢气）以及机械和电气测试；该项目采用系统集成方法：工程和制造过程将与安全分析和认证研究齐头并进，迭代进行，以确保最终产品易于进入航空航天市场。

Compressed fuel for aerospace applications is since long seen as an outstanding durable and damage tolerant (D&DT), and reliable candidate for an environmentally sustainable future. Since the first studies, the design of light yet highly insulated tanks for pressurized hydrogen has been identified as one of the key enabling technologies. This proposal details the plans of this consortium to design and develop a Graphene based high-performance and lightweight compressed hydrogen storage tank demonstrator for aerospace applications. The tank will be composed of: a) Nanomaterial reinforced Fused Deposition Modelled (FDM, 3D printing) polymer liner, b) Graphene low permeability layer and c) Graphene and Related Materials reinforced matrix CFRP composite overwrapped layer. The demonstrator will satisfy a TRL level 3. The proposed tank exploits the material properties of GRMs like impermeability, structural strength and electrical conductivity, to develop a product with the following features: 1. High strength and Low weight 2. Low-permeability 3. High Durability and Damage Tolerance (D&DT) under static burst, fatigue, autofrettage, and impact loading conditions 4. High Reliability considering scatter in manufacturing processes, material, geometrical shape 5. High electrical conductivity for lightning protection 6. Stability in extreme conditions (e.g. aeronautical environment with an ambient temperature variation from +55 °C to -55 °C, and an ambient pressure variation from atmospheric to 0.3 bar, and around 10,000 such take-off to landing cycles over five years.) This proposed project undergoes the following evolution of design: -Nanomaterial candidate selection and analysis - Sample development for individual functional components - liner, membrane and overwrap. - Development of numerical models for three functional components - Experimental analysis of samples via permeability testing, mechanical and electrical testing - Numerical model validation with experimental results - Design and numerical analysis of combined tank demonstrator system - Safety analysis of tank system - Manufacturing of tank demonstrator prototypes - Experimental analysis including leakage tests (using low pressure Hydrogen) as well as mechanical and electrical tests, and verification - Certification programme and business plan This project adopts a system integration approach: The engineering and fabrication process will be performed hand in hand and iteratively with safety analyses and certification study to ensure ease of induction of the final product into the aerospace market.