ENVICOPAS - IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ON COASTAL PATHOGEN SYSTEMS (ENVICOPAS)

《海洋战略框架指令》旨在到2020年实现良好环境状况。然而，监测海洋生态系统的健康状况和评估海洋生态系统的生态状况需要描述符。其中，感染野生动物和人类的海洋微生物是有趣的模型。事实上，这些病原体可能与公共和动物健康问题有关，特别是影响牡蛎等具有经济和生态重要性的海洋物种。牡蛎大量死亡的报道更为频繁，并与病毒，细菌（主要是弧菌）以及原生动物有关。这些令人震惊的现象是由人们只部分了解的直接和间接因素造成的。除了病原体之外，牡蛎还拥有各种各样的常驻或瞬时微生物群落，即可以成为牡蛎和其他物种（包括人类）病原体的来源并与之相互作用的微生物群。牡蛎、牡蛎或人类病原体与宿主微生物群之间的这些高阶生物相互作用的复杂性将影响物理驱动因素本身的孤立效应。因此，从经济和公共卫生的角度来看，调查这些病理系统中疾病的直接和间接因素是至关重要的。拟议的项目ECOPAS旨在调查牡蛎和人类病原体在不同环境物理驱动因素下的动态，并将这些动态与牡蛎微生物群中观察到的变化联系起来。这里应用的方法将远远超过这些微生物群落如何共存和相互作用的描述。“体内/体外/计算机模拟/原位”方法的结合将增加我们对环境条件如何有利于疾病的理解。项目工具的开发将进一步推进对人类致病性弧菌在海水中的分散、牡蛎对它们的潜在积累以及在不同环境情景下将牡蛎和人类的病原体与其微生物群联系起来的复杂相互作用的预测，这对GES指标的开发和适用性具有实际意义。

The Marine Strategy Framework directive aims to achieve good environmental status (GES) by 2020. Monitoring health and evaluating ecological status of marine ecosystems however require descriptors. Among them, marine microorganisms infecting wildlife and humans alike are interesting models. Indeed, these pathogens might be associated with public and animal health issues notably affecting economically and ecologically important marine species such as oysters. Massive mortality of oysters are more frequently reported and have been associated with viruses, bacteria (mainly Vibrio) as well as protozoans. These alarming phenomena result from direct and indirect factors that are only partly understood. Next to pathogens oysters also host diverse communities of resident or transient microorganisms, i.e. the microbiota which can be a source of and interact with pathogens of oysters and other species including humans. The complexity of these higher order biological interactions between oysters, oyster or human pathogens and the microbiota of the host will affect the isolated effects of physical drivers as such. Investigating the direct and indirect factors of disease in such pathosystems thus appears fundamental for economic and public health reasons. The proposed project ENVICOPAS aims to investigate the dynamics of oyster and human pathogens under variable environmental physical drivers and connect these dynamics to changes observed in the oyster microbiota. The approach applied here will by far exceed the description of how these microorganism communities coexist and interact. The combination of 'in vivo/ vitro/in silico/in situ' approaches will add to our understanding of how environmental conditions are conducive to disease. The development of projective tools will further advance the prediction of dispersion of human pathogenic Vibrios in seawater, their potential accumulation by oysters and complex interactions linking pathogens of oysters and human to their microbiota under different environmental scenarios with practical implications for the development and suitability of GES indicators.