Urban Travel Behavior in Large Cities of MENA Region (UTB-MENA)

在西方国家，尤其是北美，城市土地利用对出行行为的影响一直是大量文献研究的主题。这一专题在发展中国家/新兴国家，特别是位于中东和北非(中东和北非)的国家相对较少受到关注。鉴于中东和北非一些国家的快速城市化和城市形态特征的快速变化，如紧凑度、密度、街道网络结构、邻里便利设施、城市/地方中心等，假设一些出行行为规范，包括旅行长度、旅行时间、交通方式选择等，都受到这些变化的影响。该项目收集关于中东和北非地区此类关联的证据。此外，还特别研究了这些因素之间的相互关系，以及住宅自我选择和汽车拥有率。它还意味着找到影响城市出行的社会经济影响之间的联系。这些观察是在中东和北非三个大城市进行的：德黑兰、伊斯坦布尔和开罗。有限的证据表明，该区域的社会经济影响甚至比土地利用的影响更大。通过两种方式寻求这种互动：对不同社区类型的横断面研究，以及为三个试点城市开发数学模型。这些考虑是通过历史/描述性分析以及统计建模进行的，包括线性回归和作为离散选择建模方法的多项Logit回归建模(MNL)。在这些观察中考察的出行行为特征是交通方式选择、汽车拥有量、出行长度和出行世代。关于试点城市的调查结果通过中东和北非地区研究人员建议的方法推广到其他中东和北非大城市，这些研究人员应邀参加讲习班。在适用性/可转移性研究中，城市规模、宗教、地理、气候、公共交通可达性等因素被视为影响因素。这些研究准确地界定了中东和北非地区哪些部分可以适用上述三个城市的成果。为中东和北非规划者和决策者提供的建议、为该区域研究人员提供的科学基础和数据库，以及未来研发项目中使用的数值模型，都是重要的项目成果。以上将使该项目能够实现其总体目标，即鼓励中东和北非地区的研究人员和规划者在他们未来的研究和该地区的规划中考虑土地利用/交通相互作用。

The effects of urban land use on travel behavior has been a subject to a large body of literature in western countries especially North America. This topic has gained relatively little attention in developing/emerging countries, especially those located in The Middle East and North Africa (MENA). With respect to rapid urbanization and fast change in urban form characteristics such as compactness, density, street network structures, neighborhood amenities, urban/local centers, etc. in several countries of MENA, it is assumed that some of the travel behavior specifications including travel length, travel time, transportation mode choice and the like are affected by these transformations. This project collects evidences about such associations in MENA region. Moreover, interrelations among these factors together with residential self-selection and car ownership are in particular investigated. It is also meant to find associations between socio-economic impacts that influence urban travels. The observations are conducted on three MENA large cities: Tehran, Istanbul, and Cairo. There are limited evidences that the socio-economic impacts are even stronger than the land use impacts in the region. Such interactions are sought in two ways; cross-sectional studies on different neighborhood types, and developing mathematical models for the three pilot cities. Such considerations are undertaken via historical/descriptive analysis as well as statistical modeling including linear regression and Multinomial Logit Regression Modeling (MNL) as a Discrete Choice Modeling method. The travel behavior characteristics that are examined in these observations are transport mode choice, car ownership, travel length, and travel generation. The findings about the pilot cities are generalized to other MENA large cities by means of approaches suggested by MENA researchers who are invited to take part in workshops. Factors related to city size, religion, geography, climate, accessibility to public transportation, etc. are taken as effective factors in applicability/transferability study. These studies define exactly which parts of MENA can apply the outcomes based on the three abovementioned cities. Recommendations for MENA planners and decision makers, scientific basis and database for the researchers of the region, and numerical models to be used in the future research and development projects are of the important project outcomes. The above will enable the project to fulfill its general goal, which is encouraging MENA researchers and planners to apply land use/transportation interaction considerations in their future research and plans of the region.