Analysis of early events in the Arabidopsis-Verticillium interaction

长孢黄萎病（Verticilium longisporum）是一种土壤生真菌，它以亲和互作的方式侵染芸苔科植物，对几种作物的产量造成重大损失。真菌感染根部并停留在木质部，引起野生疾病。在木质部形成分生孢子，这些分生孢子通过蒸腾流传播到茎中。然而，堵塞木质部是一个较晚的事件，有由植物或真菌产生的信号引起较早的事件。目前可用的分析集中于接种后2周以上的事件。利用拟南芥/V病理系统测定了早开花、Rubisco降解和褪绿。大丽花，但观察到的症状与真菌组织定植无关。这让我们不禁要问，真菌感染的早期事件是否可以被发现，甚至在分生孢子萌发之前。我们的假设假设根和分生孢子之间的接触已经足以启动植物组织的反应。这些反应包括NO合成。我们建立了一个无菌病原菌系统，其中不同数量的分生孢子（V. longisporum）在受控的时间内与一定数量的植物接触。我们想把重点放在可溶性部分和质膜的蛋白质模式的变化上。我们计划分析拟南芥野生型和突变体（具有NO-、乙烯-、水杨酸和茉莉酸依赖信号缺陷）对与分生孢子接触的反应。

Verticilium longisporum is a soil born fungus, which infects Brassicaceae in a compatible interaction and causes significant losses in the yield of several crops. The fungus infects the roots and stays in the xylem causing a wild disease. In the xylem conidia are formed and these spread into the shoot carried by the transpiration stream. However, plugging the xylem is a late event, there are signals produced either by the plant or the fungus that cause earlier incidents. The analyses currently available focus on events more than 2 weeks after inoculation. Advanced flowering, degradation of Rubisco and chlorosis were measured using the pathosystem Arabidopsis/V. dahliae, but the symptoms observed did not correlate with the fungal tissue colonization. This led us to ask, if much earlier events in the infection with the fungus can be found maybe even before the germination of the conidia. Our hypothesis postulates that already the contact between the roots and the conidia is sufficient to initiate responses of the plant tissue. These responses include NO synthesis. We established a sterile pathogen system where a distinct number of conidia (V. longisporum) get in contact with a well-defined number of plants for a controlled period of time. We want to focus on changes in the protein pattern of the soluble fraction and the plasma membrane. We are planning to analyse the responses of Arabidopsis wild type and mutants (with defects in NO-, ethylene-, salicylic acid- and jasmonate ¿ dependent signalling) to the contact with the conidia.