Building adaptive capacity through (trans-) local social capital – sea level rise and resilience of coastal communities and households in selected Indonesian second-tier cities (SeaLevel_TRANSOCAP II)

拟议的研究项目（TRANSOCAP II）将研究印度尼西亚二线城市的沿海社区，由于其地理位置和特定的社会背景，这些城市非常容易受到海豹水位上升和沿海灾害的影响。当政府和行政部门缺乏资源充分科普自然灾害和环境变化时，社会资本就成为当地社区和家庭成功适应的决定性资源。我们的总体假设是，通过信任和相互支持的网络，社区和单个家庭能够组织获得贷款、汇款、信息和专门知识。这些资产有可能成为灾后恢复、社区适应和长期应对自然灾害的宝贵资源。本提案的主要研究问题是：（跨）地方社交网络是如何形成的，以及由此产生的社会资本如何作为一种资源，在社会和文化多样性的二线城市的地方社区集体适应洪水和海平面上升？该项目旨在通过将社会资本概念化为一种跨地区现象来回答这个问题，从而有助于克服灾害和气候变化研究中社会资本往往有限的“本地化”观点。在社会资本中加入一个跨地域的视角，使我们不仅可以研究一个地点的社交网络（联结纽带），还可以研究可以延伸到更大地理范围的桥梁和联系纽带。在第一个供资期间，该方案的重点是西爪哇的雅加达、中爪哇的塞马朗和邻近的德马克和肯达尔农村地区。我们现在打算将我们的研究领域扩大到其他印度尼西亚岛屿，从而扩大到其他非常多样化的社会文化（和制度）环境。选择的研究区域是三个快速发展的二线城市：东爪哇的泗水，巴厘岛的登巴萨和西苏门答腊的巴塘。这些城市研究区域是根据它们所处的不同社会文化背景而选择的。TRANSOCAP II的基本假设是，选定的研究地区具有不同的社会结构（例如，以家庭为基础的制度与以邻里为基础的制度，定居传统与移徙传统），这些结构有利于形成不同形式的社会资本（本地与跨本地，结合与桥接和联系纽带）。拟议的项目还旨在比第一个TRANSOCAP项目更详细地研究社交网络的结构。TRANSOCAP II采用混合方法的社会科学方法，包括FGD，定量家庭调查，随后的网络分析和专家研讨会。

The proposed research project (TRANSOCAP II) shall study coastal communities in second-tier cities in Indonesia which due to their geographical exposition and their specific social contexts are highly vulnerable to seal level rise and coastal hazards. Social capital becomes a decisive resource for successful adaptation of local communities and households when governments and administrations lack the resources to adequately cope with natural disasters and environmental change. Our overarching hypothesis is that through networks of trust and mutual support, communities and individual households are able to organise access to loans, remittances, information, and know-how. These assets have the potential to become valuable resources for disaster recovery, community adaptation, and long-term responses to natural hazards. The main research question of this proposal is: How are (trans-) local social networks formed, and how does the resulting social capital function as a resource in collective adaptation of local communities in socially and culturally diverse second-tier cities against flooding and sea level rise? The project aims to answer this question by conceptualising social capital also as a translocal phenomenon and thus contributing to overcoming the often limited ‘localised’ view of social capital in hazard and climate change research. Adding a translocal perspective to social capital allows us to investigate not only social networks at one location (bonding ties), but to include bridging and linking ties that can extend over larger geographical scales. In the first funding period, TRANSOCAP has been focussing on Jakarta in West Java, and Semarang and adjacent rural areas in Demak and Kendal in Central Java. We now intend to expand our study areas to other Indonesian islands and thus to other and very diverse socio-cultural (and institutional) contexts. The chosen study areas are three fast growing second-tier cities: Surabaya in East Java, Denpasar on Bali, and Padang in West Sumatra. These urban study areas have been selected based on the different socio-cultural contexts they are located in. The underlying hypothesis of TRANSOCAP II is that the chosen study areas have different social structures (e.g. family-based systems vs. neighbourhood-based ones and sedentary vs. migratory traditions) which favour the formation of different forms of social capital (local vs. translocal and bonding vs. bridging and linking ties). The proposed project also aims at studying the structure of social networks in more detail than the first TRANSOCAP project. TRANSOCAP II follows a mixed-methods social science approach, consisting of FGDs, a quantitative household survey, a subsequent network analysis, and expert workshops.