Understanding clouds and precipitation at the sub kilometer scale using HAMP (UCP-HAMP)

云在空间中是高度多变的，特别是在亚千米尺度上，这很难通过普通的数值模型或卫星传感器来解决。配备了一套云遥感仪器的研究飞机光晕，在这个范围内提供了独特的见解。作为这项提议的一部分，由云雷达和微波辐射计组成的HAMP将在巴巴多斯附近的信风区域的NARVAL-II活动期间和北大西洋高地的NAWDEX活动期间运行。更好地了解这些地区的云将有助于更好地限制云的敏感性，并相应地限制气候对人为温室效应的敏感性。该项目的一项任务是改进检索算法，特别侧重于更好地量化冻结的水流星体含量。在这方面，辐射传输模型将把观测数据与大气模型的积分联系起来。该小组将通过纳入NARVAL-I的观测，最终解决这些问题，即在雨季和旱季信风区域的云宏观物理和微观物理有何不同，以及大气模型能在多大程度上很好地代表不同的海洋对流制度。

Clouds are highly variable in space, in particular at sub-kilometer scales, which can hardly be resolved by common numerical models or satellite sensors. The research aircraft HALO, equipped with a suite of cloud remote sensing instruments, provides unique insights at this range of scales. As part of this proposal, the HALO Microwave Package (HAMP) consisting of a cloud radar and microwave radiometers will be operated during the NARVAL-II campaign in the trade wind region close to Barbados and during the NAWDEX campaign over the high North Atlantic. A better understanding of clouds in these regions will help to better constrain the sensitivity of clouds and correspondingly the climate sensitivity with respect to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. One task of this project is to improve the retrieval algorithms with a special focus on a better quantification of frozen hydrometeor contents. In this respect, radiative transfer modelling will link the observations with integrations of atmospheric models. The group will finally address the questions, how cloud macrophysics and microphysics differ in the trade wind region between wet and dry season by incorporating the NARVAL-I observations, and how well atmospheric models can represent different regimes of maritime convection.