Coordination Funds

逆转录病毒包括不同的外源性和内源性病毒组，其通过其独特的复制策略将其RNA基因组逆转录成互补DNA来定义。数百万年来与哺乳动物宿主的共同进化产生了该病毒家族的高致病性和非致病性成员，并在其病理潜力方面产生了种属特异性差异。有证据表明，先天免疫系统的细胞类型特异性细胞自主成分，包括专门的模式识别受体和广泛活性的抗病毒限制因子，代表了逆转录病毒感染的根本不同结果的关键决定因素。然而，参与识别逆转录病毒感染的特定宿主细胞机制、其病毒逃避策略及其对特定靶细胞和器官中逆转录病毒发病机制的相对贡献仍有待确定。因此，优先计划SPP1923（逆转录病毒限制的先天感应）旨在鉴定参与细胞自主免疫的完整分子感应和限制机制，其调节，病毒编码的对策和病理生理学后果。在SPP 1923的第一个资助期内，开发了一个强大的逆转录病毒学家和先天免疫学家的合作研究和培训网络，定义了逆转录病毒传感和限制的新的重要分子机制和细胞类型或物种特异性原则。第二个资助期的工作将建立在这些研究结果和跨学科网络的基础上，目的是获得对这些过程的详细分子和生理学理解。为设立一个特别程序员办事处，协助特别程序员协调员管理特别程序员的活动，并为建立联系活动，如特别程序员内部会议、讲习班、同事交流和特别程序员国际会议，请拨中央资金。申请的额外资金将用于专门支持女科学家和年轻家庭，以及向公众介绍SPP的活动。

Retroviruses comprise a diverse group of exogenous and endogenous viruses defined by their unique replication strategy to reverse-transcribe their RNA genome into a complementary DNA. Millions of years of coevolution with their mammalian hosts gave rise to highly pathogenic as well as apathogenic members of this family of viruses and to species-specific differences in their pathologic potential. Evidence is emerging that cell-type specific cell-autonomous components of the innate immune system, including specialized pattern recognition receptors and broadly active antiviral restriction factors, represent key determinants of the fundamentally different outcomes of retroviral infections. However, the specific host cell machineries involved in recognizing retroviral infection, viral evasion strategies thereof, and their relative contribution to retroviral pathogenesis in specific target cells and organs remain to be defined. Priority Program SPP1923 (Innate sensing of restriction of retroviruses) thus aims at the identification of the full molecular sensing and restriction machinery involved in cell-autonomous immunity against retroviruses, its regulation, virus-encoded countermeasures, and pathophysiological consequences. During the first funding period of SPP1923, a strong collaborative research and training network of retrovirologists and innate immunologists was developed that defined novel important molecular mechanisms and cell-type or species-specific principles of retroviral sensing and restriction of retroviruses. Work during the second funding period will build on these findings and the interdisciplinary network established with the goal to gain detailed molecular and physiological understanding of these processes. Central funds are requested for an SPP office that assists the SPP coordinator in managing SPP activities and for networking activities such as SPP internal meetings, workshops, exchange of co-workers and an international SPP conference. Additional funds applied for will be used to specifically support female scientists and young families as well as for the presentation of SPP activities to the general public.