Polychronicity of the Market: Neoclassical Temporality in Projects of Economic Order since the 1970s

该项目追溯了自20世纪70年代以来，新古典经济学中多周期理论模型对设计和制度化以竞争为中心的经济秩序和政策的意义。新古典主义模型是多慢性的，因为它们的特点是高度形式化，允许对经济过程的不同时间解释和理解，这导致了时间歧义和标准化的动态。在理论层面上，这种动态通过美学概念概念化，并被确定为经济秩序和政策中新古典建模制度化的核心。因此，该项目挑战了那些强调基于新古典主义前提的当代经济秩序中某些时间趋势（如加速）或模式（如短期性）的霸权标准化的分析。相反，工作假设是，正是新古典主义的多时代性理论和建模有利于以竞争为中心的经济秩序的制度化，使其能够应用于经济时间性的非常多样化的视野，从而在将新古典主义的时间性转化为经济秩序和政策方面发挥积极作用。该项目将通过与20世纪70年代以来实施以竞争为中心的经济秩序和政策的四个重要阶段相关的案例研究，追溯重建这些制度化的象征性过程：华盛顿共识的出现以及随之而来的国际货币基金组织结构调整计划的正规化；在撒切尔和里根的领导下，英国和美国采取了更加以竞争为中心的政策，重塑了资本主义经济秩序；上世纪90年代初在波兰和俄罗斯实施的所谓休克疗法，旨在彻底改变国家社会主义秩序；以及近期有关欧元区主权债务危机的政策。

The project traces the significance of polychronic theoretical models in neoclassical economics for the design and institutionalization of competition-centered economic orders and policies since the 1970s. Neoclassical models are polychronic in the sense that they, being characterized by a high degree of formalization, allow for different temporal interpretations and understandings of economic processes, which results in a dynamic of temporal ambiguation and standardization. On a theoretical level, this dynamic is conceptualized through the notion of aisthesis, and identified as the core of the institutionalization of neoclassical modelling in economic orders and policies. The project thus challenges those analyses which highlight the hegemonic standardization of certain temporal tendencies (like acceleration) or modes (like short-termedness) in contemporary economic orders based on neoclassical premises. Instead, the working hypothesis is that it is precisely the polychronicity of neoclassical theorizing and modelling which benefits the institutionalization of competition-centered economic orders, lending itself to being applied to very variegated horizons of economic temporality and thus playing an active role in the translation of neoclassical temporality into economic orders and policies. The project will trace reconstruct the symbolic processes of these institutionalizations through case studies related to four important stages of the implementation of competition-centered economic orders and policies since the 1970s: the emergence of the Washington Consensus and the accompanying formalization of the Structural Adjustment Programs of the International Monetary Fund; the reshaping of capitalistic economic orders by more competition-centered policies in Britain and the U.S. under Thatcher and Reagan; the so-called shock therapies in Poland and Russia at the beginning of the 1990s designed to radically transform state-socialist orders; and recent policies concerning the sovereign debt crisis in the Eurozone.