Where - Whither - Whence: Spatial interrogatives and their adverbial demonstrative equivalents in Europe and far beyond

本研究是对空间疑问句及其状语指示代词的首次跨语言研究，对空间语法和空间语言学都有很大的贡献。本研究的重点是在464种语言的全球样本中考察空间关系系统(与状语指示词领域的空间关系系统相比)。特别注意空间疑问句的聚合方面(在哪里？去向何方？从哪里来？)和空间状语指示词(那里、那里、那里)。通过系统地比较上述三方范式中的复杂程度和错配的发生情况(如萨里形态学组所定义)，旨在建立空间范畴地点、目标、来源之间的相互关系。在空间疑问句的基础上获得的见解将与前人致力于陈述从句中的空间关系的研究，特别是状语指示词领域的研究(首次跨语言研究)进行比较。一项主要任务是回答是否有可能根据一般原则用系统来描述空间疑问句的问题。因此，该项目也是对疑问性调查的一个贡献--这是一个迄今在很大程度上被忽视的空间类别领域。作为一个工作假设，我们假设不仅空间疑问句具有系统性，状语指示词也具有系统性。该项目一方面调查这一假设的系统性是否以及在多大程度上依赖于句子情态，另一方面，该项目试图确定空间疑问系统和状语指示词系统在多大程度上受到遗传、区域或类型因素的影响。将采用定性和定量相结合的方法。将对文学平行语料库进行分析。为了进一步分析，将依赖相关的描述性语言来源。其他数据是在调查问卷的基础上收集的。至于方法和理论，该项目位于功能类型学的框架内--更具体地说，是在规范类型学的框架内。

This research project is the first comprehensive cross-linguistic investigation on spatial interrogatives and their adverbial demonstrative equivalents, which thus contributes substantially to the grammar of space and linguistics of space in general. The focus of the study is on the system of spatial relations under interrogation (in contrast to their system in the domain of adverbial demonstratives) in a global sample of 464 languages. Attention is paid particularly to the paradigmatic aspects of spatial interrogatives (where? whither? whence?) and spatial adverbial demonstratives (there, thither, thence). By way of comparing systematically both the degree of complexity and the occurrence of mismatches (as defined by the Surrey Morphology Group) in the above tripartite paradigms it is intended to establish the interrelations of the spatial categories PLACE, GOAL, SOURCE. The insights gained on the basis of spatial interrogatives will be compared to those of previous research dedicated to the spatial relations in declarative clauses in general and (studied crosslinguistically for the first time) in the domain of adverbial demonstratives in particular. A major task consists of answering the question whether it is possible to describe spatial interrogatives in terms of a system based on general principles. Therefore the project is also a contribution to the investigation of interrogativity - an area in which spatial categories hitherto have largely been neglected. As a working hypothesis it is assumed that there is systematicity, not only in the case of spatial interrogatives but also as to that of adverbial demonstratives. The project investigates, on the one hand, whether and in how far this assumed systematicity depends on sentence modality, on the other hand, the project attempts to determine to what extent spatial-interrogative-systems and those of adverbial demonstratives are subject to genetic, areal or typological factors. Qualitative as well as quantitative methods will be employed. A literary parallel corpus will be analysed. For the purpose of further analyses the relative descriptive-linguistic sources will be relied upon. Additional data are collected on the basis of a questionnaire. As to methodology and theory the project is situated within the framework of functional typology - more specifically within that of canonical typology.