E-Mobility in public transportation: optimal resource scheduling and charging infra-structure

在气候变化和可再生能源对化石能源的排斥过程中，替代发动机在运输部门的重要性大大增加。电动汽车在替代发动机的范围内占有特殊的地位，因为电动汽车可以实现零排放运动。对于运输公司来说，在部署电动汽车时，企业规划和控制过程方面出现了新的挑战。与内燃机车辆相比，电动车辆的续航里程要低得多，并且可以在某些特定的充电站为电池充电，这一点起着重要的作用。在运输公司的规划过程中，特别受额外限制影响的规划步骤是资源分配。车辆调度步骤，其确定用于服务所提供的服务行程的车辆的部署。该研究项目的重点是开发公共交通车辆调度的新型复杂解决方案，同时考虑到电动汽车的需求和可能性。由于合理设计的充电基础设施是有效使用电动汽车所必需的，因此充电基础设施的确定也被纳入问题中。需要考虑的另一个重要方面是电动汽车技术的技术方面的实施，特别是电池和充电技术。因此，现有的解决方案仅轻微地反映了电移动性的现实或没有抵抗力，因为电池消耗和加载时间通常被假设为线性的或甚至恒定的。如果以考虑不同充电方法和电池技术的方式扩展建模，则结果一方面由于额外的自由度而显著改进，另一方面增加了模型的复杂性。这些扩展到非线性的技术方面的电迁移率应包括在解决方案的方法。在所要求的项目中，应首先进行文献综述，以制定电动汽车的最新技术信息，特别是电动汽车的电池和充电技术。之后，将与实践伙伴讨论结果，并适当纳入数据集。该项目的中心方面，然后包括开发新的复杂的解决方案，考虑到先前获得的信息，电动汽车的车辆调度问题的方法。在这种情况下，精确和启发式的解决方案的方法将开发以及集成的方法，同时确定底层的充电基础设施。最后，使用先前收集的数据实施和分析解决方案方法。

In the course of climate change and the proceeding rejection of fossil energy sources towards renewable energies the importance of alternative engines in the transport sector has increased strongly. Electro mobility occupies a special position in the scope of alternative engines be-cause electric vehicles enable an emission-free movement. For transportation companies there arise new challenges concerning the entrepreneurial plan-ning and controlling processes when deploying electric vehicles. The much lower range of the electric vehicles compared to combustion engine vehicles and the possibility to recharge the battery at some particular charging stations play an important role. The planning step within the planning process of transportation companies which is particularly affected by the additional restrictions is the resource resp. vehicle scheduling step which determines the deployment of vehicles for serving the offered service trips. The research project focuses on the development of novel complex solution methods for vehicle scheduling in public transportation, taking into account the needs and possibilities of electro mobility. Since a reasonably designed charging infrastructure is necessary for an efficient use of electric vehicles, the determination of the charging infrastructure is incorporated into the problem as well. Another important aspect that needs to be considered is the implementation of the technical aspects of the electric mobility technologies, in particular the battery and charging technology. The existing solutions thereby reflect the reality of electro mobility only slightly or not resist, because the battery consumption and loading time often is assumed linear or even constant. If the modelling is extended in such a way that different charging methods and battery technologies are taken into account, the result is on the one hand a significant improvement due to additional degrees of freedom, on the other hand the complexity of the models is increased. These extensions to non-linearities in the technical aspects of electro mobility should be included within the solution methods. Within the requested project starting with a literature review the latest technical information of electro mobility especially of the battery and charging technologies for electric vehicles shall be worked out. After that the results will be discussed with partners from practice and suitably integrated into data sets. The central aspect of the project then consists of developing novel complex solution methods for the vehicle scheduling problem considering the previously gained information about electro mobility. In this context both exact and heuristic solution approaches will be developed as well as integrated approaches for determining the underlying charging infrastructure simultaneously. Eventually the solution methods are implemented and analyzed using the data collected previously.