Towards a Radiant Future. Nuclear Technopolitics in the Soviet Union and Beyond Since 1949

该研究项目从四个相应的案例研究的角度探讨了苏联原子能项目的历史，这些案例研究借鉴了丰富的档案证据。超越斯大林和原子弹，这些研究推动研究走向新的视野。在方法上注重技术政治学将有助于将这一专题的技术、环境、政治和文化方面紧密结合起来，迄今为止，这些方面的研究大多是相互孤立的。该项目追求两个认识论目标，并建立一个新的研究集群。通过核历史的棱镜，它试图打开苏联历史的下半期及以后的长期视角，这一时期迄今为止主要是在时间上的碎片研究。核技术被理解为一种以重要方式告知政治和塑造社会的力量;通过分析核技术科学与政党政治之间的相互作用，在光明未来的愿景和厄运场景之间，可以获得丰富的见解，最初有助于建立的力量，但最终有助于破坏苏联现代化的承诺。该项目被概念化为苏联技术政治在其地方，全联盟和国际层面的多层次分析。它的四个子研究旨在将在核研究和生产中心进行技术的当地微观逻辑与苏联和全球冷战政治的宏观逻辑联系起来。在错综复杂的历史的跨国视角中，对苏联原子项目的研究有助于填补在全球技术政治的新兴历史图景中代表苏联的剩余空白。这样，该项目将有助于更清楚地描绘东欧在全球历史中的地位。 3.为了组织历史研究，该项目旨在汇集和进一步发展德国西南部和瑞士的苏联科学技术史方面的现有知识和专门知识。这将创建一个处于该领域国际研究前沿的研究集群。目前，体现现代技术矛盾心理的核能是许多国家公共辩论和政治决策的核心。尽管德国已选择逐步淘汰其原子能发电厂，但在后苏联时代的大部分地区，核能仍被视为有前途的新技术。因此，该项目旨在将当前的发展置于其历史背景中。它将弥合1991年的分歧，将当代辩论与近代历史联系起来，并为后苏联核政治提供重要见解。因此，该项目具有重大的社会和科学意义。

The research project explores the history of the Soviet atomic project from the perspectives of four corresponding case studies drawing on rich archival evidence. Looking beyond Stalin and the bomb, theses studies drive research towards new horizons. A methodological focus on technopolitics will help to tightly integrate the technological, environmental, political and cultural dimensions of the topic, aspects that have hitherto mostly been studied in isolation from each other.The project pursues two epistemological goals as well as the establishment of a new research cluster.1. Through the prism of nuclear history, it seeks to open a long-term perspective on the second half of Soviet history and beyond, a period that has hitherto been studied predominantly in chronological fragmentation. Nuclear technology is understood as a force that informed politics and shaped society in important ways; by analysing the interplay between nuclear technoscience and Party politics, between visions of a radiant future and scenarios of doom, rich insights can be gained into the forces that initially helped to build, but eventually contributed to damaging the promise of Soviet modernity.2. The project is conceptualized as a multi-level analysis of Soviet technopolitics in its local, all-Union and international dimensions. Its four sub-studies are designed to link the local micrologic of doing technology at nuclear research and production centres with the macrologic of Soviet and global Cold War politics. Embedded in a transnational perspective of entangled history, research into the Soviet atomic project can contribute towards filling the remaining gap that represents the Soviet Union in the emerging historical picture of global technopolitics. In doing so, the project will help to more clearly delineate the place of Eastern Europe in global history. 3. With a view to organizing historical research, the project is geared towards pooling and further developing existing knowledge and expertise in the history of Soviet science and technology in Southwest Germany and Switzerland. This will create a research cluster that is at the forefront of international research in the field. Presently nuclear energy, epitomizing the ambivalence of modern technology, is at the centre of public debates and political decision-making in many countries. While Germany has opted to phase out its atomic power plants, nuclear power is still seen as promising new technology throughout most of the post-Soviet space. The project therefore aims to place present developments in their historical context. Bridging the divide of 1991, it will link contemporary debates to recent history and provide important insights into post-Soviet nuclear politics. The project is thus of great societal as well as scientific relevance.