Settlement patterns, contacts and networks. A diachronic study of the stoneage in the alpine region, a case study from the Allgäu (Forealps and Alps)

对聚落史、商品和思想的分布和传播网络的研究是史前和史前的基本问题之一。对选定区域内这种网络的历时性研究以及区域之间的共时性研究和比较，提供了对社会群体内部和社会群体之间或由环境影响引发的社会行为和冲突解决的变异性和差异的见解。研究区域被简短地标记为Allgäu。它的范围从西部的康斯坦茨湖到东部的莱赫河，从南部的高山到北部的高山高地。该地区的几个特点有利于景观考古研究项目：-景观是多样化的，特别是由于不同的高纬度带，在不同的区域内采取不同的行动策略-从旧石器时代到新石器时代，甚至是金属时代，发现的考古遗址数量相对较多，即使它们主要是由表面发现的，与实际的土地利用有关，作为永久性草地，调查条件不好；但是，通过我们的项目工作组与私人发现者和发现的私人所有者的良好联系，可以列出对所使用的石器原材料的第一次但不充分的了解，以及对重点时间片的出处的第一次参考资料（也适用于邻近地区），这些项目正在进行：-目前，缺少对岩石块库存的定量研究-缺少使用自然科学方法分析岩石块材料来源的有关数量的样本-没有在有特征的景观内重建定居和活动模式。这可以依靠无所不在的石器文物来实现。-缺少一个科学的研究框架，提出不同模型的模型和概率，以比较跨高山地区史前社会中移动和固定部分的通信和资源交换。

Research on settlement history and distribution and communication networks of commodities and ideas is one of the basic issues of pre and protohistory.The diachronic researcha of such networks within selected regions as well as synchronic studies and comparisons between regions offer insight into the variability and differences in social behavior and conflict resolutions within and between social groups or triggered by environmental influences. The study area is shortly labeled Allgäu. It ranges from the lake Constanz in the west, to the river Lech in the east and from the high alpines in the south to the Alpine upland with its upper moraines in the north. This area is characterized by several conditions favorable for a research project dedicated to landscape archaeology: - the landscape is diversified, especially due to the different altitudinal belts which enforced the variability of strategies to act within the different zones- a comparatively high number of detected archaeological sites from Palaeolithic to the Neolithic and even Metall ages, even if they consist mainly of surface finds, related to the actual land use as permanent grassland with bad survey conditions, but with good contacts of our project working group to the private finders and private owners of the finds - the given first but not sufficient insights into the used lithic rawmaterials and first references on their provenience for the time slices in focusAs desideratum (also valid for neighboring regions), which the projects works on, can be listed: - At the moment, quantitative research on lithic inventories is missing- a relevant number of analyzed samples using natural scientific methods of the provenience of the lithic materials is missing- a reconstruction of the settlement and activity patterns within the characterized landscapes is not existing. This could be realized relying on the omnipresent lithic artefacts. - a scientific framework of research is missing which proposes models and probabilities of different models in comparison for communication and exchange of resources within mobile and sedentary parts of prehistoric societies within transalpine regions.