Conflicts over the appropriation of urban resources in processes of upgrading and social mixing in inner-city residential areas

该研究项目侧重于社会融合的城市政策和市中心社区中产阶级化进程的交集。在城市研究中，城市贫困居民区的社会融合政策是否对弱势群体的社会融合产生积极影响，还是导致中产阶级化并带来流离失所等负面影响，这一问题一直备受争议。规划项目的一个主要假设是，必须将这种不同的城市发展过程和影响概念化为不同社会群体之间不断协商的冲突互动--通过这种互动，可以获得或阻碍获得某些城市资源(如住房、社区资源、社会基础设施、公共空间)。研究问题是：在不同的城市中心区背景和发展过程中，会发生哪些类型的冲突？城市资源的获取和使用是如何谈判和实现的？在这些冲突过程中，贫困居民会有什么样的经历，他们会采取什么样的策略来应对不同形式的流离失所？本研究项目的三个主要目标是：第一，系统地捕捉冲突的地区和形式，并制定各自的类型学；第二，分析贫困居民的经历、解释和策略，他们特别受到不同形式的流离失所的威胁；第三，洞察这些冲突、解释和策略在适用社会混合政策但在住房市场条件和居民社会结构变化方面有所不同的居民区的潜在差异。基于这些发现，可以得出社会融合政策在不同居住区的影响，以及更广泛的视角下城市发展背景下的社会融合或排斥问题的结论。为了实现这些目标，对两个经济置换压力和社会结构发展不同的市中心居住区进行了对比分析。不同的研究方法以定性的方式结合在一起：为了加深对两个研究领域的地方城市发展和社会融合政策的了解，进行了专家访谈和民族志徒步旅行。然后，运用半结构化访谈和集中的民族志观察来分析冲突的情况，并发展出一种类型学。在最后一步，对特别受到不同形式流离失所威胁的居民进行了以叙事和插曲元素为特色的深入访谈。

The research project focuses on the intersection of urban policies of social mixing and processes of gentrification in inner-city neighborhoods. In urban research, the question of whether social mixing policies in deprived inner-city residential areas have positive effects on the social integration of underprivileged groups, or induce gentrification with negative effects such as displacement is controversially discussed. A major assumption of the planned project is that such different urban development processes and effects have to be conceptualized as constantly negotiated in conflictual interactions between different social groups – interactions, through which access to certain urban resources (like housing, neighborhood resources, social infrastructures, public space) can be gained or is obstructed. The research questions are: Which kinds of conflicts occur in different contexts and development processes of inner-city residential areas? How is access to and use of urban resources negotiated and realized? And what kind of experiences do underprivileged residents make and which strategies do they adapt to cope with different forms of displacement in these conflictual processes?The three main objectives of the research project are: Firstly, to systematically capture areas and forms of conflicts, and to develop a respective typology; secondly, to analyze the experiences, interpretations and strategies of underprivileged residents, who are especially threatened by displacement in its different forms; thirdly, to gain insights into the potential differences of these conflicts, interpretations and strategies in residential areas in which social mixing policies are applied but which differ in respect of housing market conditions and changes in the social structure of the inhabitants. Building on those findings, conclusions can be made on the impacts of social mixing policies in different residential areas, and, in a broader view, on the question of social integration or exclusion in the context of urban development.To work on these objectives, two inner-city residential areas with differing economic displacement pressure and development of the social structure are analyzed comparatively. Different research methods are combined in a qualitative approach: To deepen the knowledge about local urban development and the policies of social mixing in the two research areas, expert interviews and ethnographic walking tours are conducted. Afterwards, semi-structured interviews and focused ethnographic observations are applied to analyze situations of conflict and develop a typology. In a last step, in-depth Interviews featuring narrative and episodic elements are conducted with residents who are especially threatened by displacement in its different forms.