The public Debates on Energy Transition in Germany and France. Understanding ecological transformations by crossing two sociological approaches to discourse

当我们比较法国和德国时，冲突、辩论和能源政策都遵循着不同的轨迹，法国一方是相当弱的生态运动和核电霸权，德国一方是自20世纪80年代以来结构性更强的生态运动，最近则是混合能源体系。最近，由于气候政策和欧洲指令的影响，两国发生了重大变化，在不同尺度上产生了趋同。首先，基于理论和方法论背景，它将跨越两种话语分析方法，在这两个国家发展，并侧重于技术风险和生态冲突：在法国方面，实用主义的争议社会学（使用特定的软件，普洛斯彼罗），在德国方面，话语分析相关的知识社会学（SKAD）。尽管它们在法国社会科学中被广泛使用，（争议社会学）和在德国（SKAD）十多年来，他们没有找到合作的机会，也没有克服各自学术领域之间的语言障碍。第二个目标是分析围绕能源系统和环境的公共话语的发展，从长远来看（1970年至今）。通过创建一个共同的启发式方法，我们将组织在这两个国家遵循的争论轨迹的比较，注意到多个相互联系，部分是由于通过欧洲机构建立的关系。许多重大事件发挥了重构器的作用，合作团队将把握在德国和法国产生的解释差异和社会技术动态。为了明确表达这两个目标，我们将建立一系列大型数字语料库，以便使用Prospero软件进行分析，特别是与SKAD的方法仪器相结合。这两种方法的综合使用将产生一系列行为者和论点、动员和公共辩论形式、一系列决定和规范性文书的动态图，提供关于两国能源过渡和公共领域变革的全面看法。这项合作研究将形成一个可持续的科学系统的试金石，基于语料库和通用工具，以观察和分析发生（或不发生）在欧洲能源和环境问题的政治和技术领域的转变。

When we compare France and Germany, conflicts, debates and energy policies have followed different trajectories, with a rather weak ecological movement and the hegemony of nuclear power on the French side, a more structured ecological movement since the 1980s and a recent mixed energy system on the German side. Recently, as a result of climate policies and European directives, significant changes have occurred, creating convergences at different scales in both countries.This research project has two main objectives. First of all, based on theoretical and methodological backgrounds, it will cross two approaches to discourse analysis, developed in both countries, and which have focused on technological risks and ecological conflicts: on the French side, the pragmatic sociology of controversy (using a specific software, Prospero) and, on the German side, the analysis of discourse related to the sociology of knowledge (SKAD). Despite their widespread use in the social sciences in France (sociology of controversies) and in Germany (SKAD) for more than a decade, they did not find the opportunity to collaborate and to overcome the linguistic barrier between their respective academic fields.The second objective is to analyze the development of public discourses around energy system and the environment, considering them over the long term (from 1970 to the present). By creating a common heuristic approach, we will organize the comparison of the argumentative trajectories followed in the two countries, paying attention to the multiple interconnections, partly due to the relationships built through the European institutions. A number of significant events have played the role of reconfigurators and the collaborative team will grasp both the differences of interpretation and the socio-technical dynamics produced in Germany as in France.To articulate strongly the two objectives, we will build a series of large digital corpora in order to analyze with the Prospero software, specifically adapted in connection with SKAD's methodological apparatus. The integrated use of the two approaches will produce dynamic maps of the sets of actors and arguments, forms of mobilization and public debates, sets of decisions and normative instruments, providing a comprehensive view on energy transition and transformations of public spheres in both countries. This collaborative research will form the touchstone of a sustainable scientific system, based on corpus and common tools, in order to observe and analyze the transformations that take place (or not) in the political and technological spheres around the energy and environmental issues in Europe.