Forensic Toxicology in Germany and France during the 19th Century: Methods Development in Judicial Context

在十九世纪，化学家和内科医生在司法鉴定的背景下建立了法医毒物学领域。在这些讨论中，认知价值，如解释力、可靠性和准确性，对科学方法的使用做出了决定。与此同时，这些认识论价值观将司法和科学纪律联系在一起。该项目通过比较法国和德国来分析这些过程。德国各州和法国在科学文化上有所不同，但在司法条件上表现出强烈的相似性。两国的法医专家是如何成功地开发出满足司法要求的方法的？在奠定科学基础方面，对学科有什么影响？有哪些相似之处和不同之处？专家的表演性起到了什么作用？该项目试图从历史比较的角度回答这些问题。

During the nineteenth century, chemists and physicians established the field of forensic toxicology in the context of judicial expertise. In these discussions epistemic values, such as explanatory power, reliability, and accuracy, contributed to the decisions about the use of scientific methods. At the same time, these epistemic values connected the judiciary and scientific disciplines. The project analyzes these processes in comparing France and Germany. The German states and France differed in their scientific cultures, but showed strong resemblance in their judicial conditions. How did forensic experts in both nations succeed to develop methods that fulfilled judicial requirements? What was the impact on disciplines in laying the scientific groundwork? What similarities and differences were visible? What was the role of the performativity of experts? The project attempts to answer these questions in historical-comparative perspective.