High-performance all-inorganic perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem solar cells

确保地球上所有人的能源安全是21世纪人类面临的最大全球挑战之一。光伏（PV）可以作为未来可再生能源组合的一部分发挥重要作用。在过去的几十年里，晶体硅（c-Si）太阳能电池主导了全球光伏市场，市场份额超过90%。快速的效率进步以及诸如高度可调的带隙、简单的工艺和非常低的成本潜力的优点使得钙钛矿电池特别适合于串联PV技术。因此，钙钛矿/c-Si叠层太阳能电池已成为最有前途的技术，用于以最小的成本增加来提高市场主导的c-Si电池的效率。近年来，有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿/c-Si叠层太阳能电池的研究取得了一定的进展，电池效率达到了25%左右。然而，目前进一步实施的关键障碍是常见的有机-无机钙钛矿层对水分和热量的稳定性低。非最佳光管理也是一个障碍。最近，最近开发的基于CsPbX 3（X=Br，I）的全无机钙钛矿太阳能电池已经表现出前所未有的防潮和耐热稳定性。全无机钙钛矿电池的效率进步也很快，目前报道的最高值为~ 10%。人们普遍认为，在效率方面，不存在阻止全无机钙钛矿太阳能电池与有机-无机钙钛矿太阳能电池相匹配的基本或可预见的障碍。因此，预计全无机钙钛矿/c-Si串联电池是提高c-Si太阳能电池效率的有希望的途径，同时还提供优异的防潮和耐热性能稳定性。目前的中德联合研究项目旨在解决关键挑战，并实现1cm 2面积的高性能4 T全无机钙钛矿/c-Si叠层电池的原型器件，具有高的防潮和耐热稳定性，无需电池封装（> 5000小时），这可以向实际应用展示重大进展。

Securing the energy resources for all people on this planet is one of the biggest global challenges facing humankind in the 21st century. Photovoltaics (PV) can play a major role as part of the future renewables-based energy mix. Over the past decades, crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells have dominated the global PV market with a market share of >90%. Rapid efficiency progress and the merits such as a highly tunable bandgap, simple process, and very low cost potential make the perovskite cells particularly suited for tandem PV technology. Therefore, perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells have become the most promising technology for enhancing the efficiencies of the market-dominating c-Si cells with a minimal increase in cost. Recent researches on the hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells have achieved functional devices and the efficiency is progressing with the result of approximately 25%. Currently, however, the key barrier to further implementation is the low stability of the common organic-inorganic perovskite layers against moisture and heat. Non-optimal light management is also a barrier. Very recently, more recently developed all-inorganic perovskite solar cells based on CsPbX3 (X=Br,I) have demonstrated unprecedented stability against moisture and heat. The efficiency progress for all-inorganic perovskite cells is also rapid and the current highest reported value is ~10%. It is widely believed that there are no fundamental or foreseen obstacles stopping the all-inorganic perovskite solar cells matching the organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells in terms of the efficiency. Therefore, it is expected that all-inorganic perovskite/c-Si tandem cells are a promising pathway to improve the efficiency of c-Si solar cells whilst also affording excellent performance stability against moisture and heat. The present joint Sino-German research project aims to address the key challenges and achieve 1cm2-area prototype devices of high-performance 4-T all-inorganic perovskite/c-Si tandem cells with high stability against moisture and heat without cell encapsulation (> 5000hours), which can demonstrate significant advance towards practical applications.