Ontologies of Personal Identity

目前关于个人同一性的争论主要有三种不同的观点：(1)本体论观点，关注人的复杂物质状况及其时空结构。(2)关注个人主体性结构和记忆连续性的心理主义或心理学方法。(3)以主体为导向的方法，考虑到人在道德行为、叙事和传记生活形式中的实际身份。本体论方法倾向于忽略关于人的实际生活形式和他们的规范地位的问题，相反，实践方法倾向于忽略他们的本体论地位。同样，唯心主义的方法经常排除本体论问题，或者倾向于支持一种不能公正对待人的实际和规范存在的还原论观点。然而，一个详细的个人同一性概念需要考虑到本体论和实践的维度。为此，科学网络的目的是明确当代突出的个人同一性概念的隐含本体论，以连接不同的方法。因此，应该分析潜在的本体论与个人存在的具体形式，如自我意识、意志结构和规范性之间的关系。特别重要的将是当前实践和叙事方法的本体论承诺，以及当前本体论理论的实际含义。因此，科学网络的目的在于确定当前关于个人同一性的辩论的系统坐标，并定义一个本体论地图，在该地图中可以定位不同的实践和心理方法。研究网络还将考虑有关个人同一性概念的歧义问题。它旨在通过平等地考虑所有三个维度，发展一种可以以明确的方式使用的个人同一性的综合概念。

The current debate on personal identity is mainly dominated by three different approaches: (1) Ontological approaches that focus on the complex substantial condition of persons and their spatio-temporal structure. (2) Mentalistic or psychological approaches that focus on the structure of personal subjectivity and the continuity of memory. (3) Agent-oriented approaches that take into account the practical identity of persons in moral actions, narrativity, and biographic life forms. Whereas ontological approaches tend to ignore questions concerning the practical life form of persons and their normative status, practical approaches, by contrast, tend to ignore their ontological status. Likewise, mentalistic approaches often exclude ontological questions or tend to endorse a reductionist view that cannot do justice to the practical and normative existence of persons. However, an elaborated concept of personal identity demands taking into account both ontological and practical dimensions. For that purpose, the scientific network aims at making explicit the implicit ontology of prominent contemporary conceptions of personal identity in order to connect the different approaches. Thereby the relationship between underlying ontology and specific forms of personal existence such as selfconsciousness, structure of the will, and normativity shall be analyzed. Of special importance will be the ontological commitments of current practical and narrative approaches, as well as the practical implications of current ontological theories. Thus, the aim of the scientific network consists in identifying the systematic coordinates of the current debate on personal identity and to define an ontological map within which the different practical and mentalistic approaches can be situated. The research network will also consider the problem of equivocation concerning the concept of personal identity. It aims to develop a integrative concept of personal identity that can be used in an unambiguous way by equally considering all three dimensions.