The mechanism by which parasitoid wasp Asobara japaonoca

内寄生蜂Asobara Japan onica利用黑腹果蝇和其他近缘关系广泛的果蝇作为习性寄主，利用其显著的寄生策略。日本按蚊雌性具有剧毒，在寄生时对寄主注射致死剂量的毒液成分。在注射毒液几秒钟后，它们将卵子与侧输卵管组件一起引入，以中和毒液毒素的有害影响。在本研究中，我们证明了蛇毒成分损害了宿主的细胞免疫，但不影响体液免疫。此外，注射蛇毒成分后4小时，血浆中丝氨酸蛋白酶样酶的活性约为100倍。输卵管内的中和因子阻断了蛋白酶样酶的激活，但不能中和蛇毒对宿主血细胞的损伤。

Endoparasitoid wasp Asobara japonica utilizes Drosophila melanogaster and the other broadly related Drosophila species as habitual hosts by using a notable feature of parasitism strategy. A. japonica females possess highly toxic venom and they inject the venom components with a lethal dose for the hosts at parasitism. A few seconds after the venom injection, they introduce eggs together with the lateral oviduct components that neutralize the detrimental effects of the venom toxin. In the present study, We demonstrated that the venom components impaired the host cellular immunity but did not affect the humoral immunity. Furthermore, injection of the venom components activated a serine protease-like enzyme activity approximately 100 times in the plasma 4 h after the injection. The neutralizing factor in the oviduct blocked the protease-like enzyme activation, while it was unable to neutralize the venom-induced detriment of the host hemocytes.