Coins from a Greek colony: Money, Exchange and Identity in Olbia Pontike from the Archaic to the Early Hellenistic period

本研究项目的重点是研究从古代到早期希腊化时期希腊殖民地奥尔比亚庞特克的货币发展，硬币的生产和使用，这是第一次与希腊殖民的更广泛背景有关。该项目旨在采用跨学科方法，从而在冶金试点研究的框架内，建设性地将法兰克福歌德大学在黑海考古学和古代钱币学领域的核心能力与我们在波鸿采矿博物馆/Bergbaumuseum的同事的成熟专业知识结合起来。所选择的时间框架为研究希腊政治在殖民和巩固阶段之间的货币经济提供了基础，在边界上，最初的外国土著文化随着时间的推移变得越来越熟悉。在这种情况下，奥尔比亚铸币的一般和具体特征可以作为接触区内文化适应过程的例子和指标，同时为与其他希腊殖民者关注的更遥远地区进行超区域比较提供基础。提交的项目，其组织与已经存在的德国-乌克兰DFG研究项目密切结合，基于三个主要支柱：最初，调查的重点将放在希腊殖民地在其土著背景下的货币发展。特别是公元前6 /5世纪的黑海北部地区，生产和使用了前货币的支付手段，即箭头和海豚币，提供了一个理想的基础。这与大希腊有着明显的相似之处，在那里，铜合金物品作为原始货币支付手段的使用以类似的形式得到了证明（很粗鲁）。不同殖民地区的硬币流通起源的这些特征，将与希腊殖民努力的特定文化现象联系起来加以核实。第二个实质性的重点是，作为远离家乡的阿波伊基亚，奥尔比亚是否采用了一种完全适应当地条件的货币制度，或者它是否试图使其制度与爱琴海的主要重量标准保持一致。首先，对北本蒂克地区的计量学、图像学和金属资源的基础调查将是至关重要的，结果将再次与希腊殖民背景相关并重新评估。第三个也是最后一个重点是将奥尔比安硬币系统具体嵌入到地方、区域和超区域环境中。基本问题，例如，当地硬币流通的组织，重量标准，特别是“外国”铸币发展对奥尔比亚货物和财政资源转移的影响，将在最后的综合中讨论。

This research project focuses on examining the monetary development, production and use of coins in the Greek colony Olbia Pontike from the Archaic to Early Hellenistic period, for the first time relating to the broader context of Greek colonization. The project is intended to have an interdisciplinary approach, thereby constructively combining the core competences at Frankfurt Goethe-University in the fields of Black Sea archaeology and ancient numismatics with the proven expert knowledge of our colleagues at the mining museum/Bergbaumuseum in Bochum, within the framework of a metallurgical pilot study. The chosen chronological frame provides the basis for investigating the monetary economy of a Greek polity between phases of colonisation and consolidation at the border with an initially foreign indigenous culture that became more and more familiar over time. In this context, the general and specific characteristics of coinage in Olbia may serve as examples and indicators of acculturation processes within a contact zone, at the same time providing a basis for a supra-regional comparison with more distant regions that were the focus of other Greek colonists. The submitted project, the organisation of which is closely integrated into an already existing German-Ukrainian DFG research project, is based on three main pillars: initially, the focus of investigation will be on the monetary development of Greek colonies within their indigenous contexts. Here in particular, the northern Black Sea region in the 6th/5th century B.C., with the production and use of pre-monetary means of payment, i.e. arrowheads and dolphin coins, offers an ideal basis. Remarkably clear parallels can be drawn to the Magna Graecia, where the use of copper-alloy objects as proto-monetary means of payment is attested in analogous form (aes rude). These characteristics of the origins of coin circulation in different areas of colonization are to be verified in relation to culture-specific phenomena of Greek colonization efforts. The second substantive emphasis is on the question of whether Olbia, as an Apoikia far away from home, employed a monetary system that was completely adapted to the local conditions or whether it attempted to align its system with the main Aegean weight standards. In the first place, basic investigations on metrology, iconography and the metal resources in the North Pontic region will be paramount, and the results will once more be related to the context of Greek colonization and re-evaluated. The third and last focus refers to specifically embedding the Olbian coin system into local, regional and supra-regional contexts. Fundamental issues, such as, for example, the organisation of the local coin circulation, the weight standards and particularly the influence of 'foreign' developments of coinage on the transfer of goods and financial resources in Olbia, will be discussed in the final synthesis.