Fundamental and technological studies on the ability of the plant cultured cells to produce and transform organic compounds

植物培养细胞产生有用物质的生物化学潜力在将培养细胞用作生物反应器方面具有相当大的意义。本研究以烟草（Nicotiana tabacum）培养细胞为材料，对萜类化合物的生物转化进行了研究，并以薄荷（Mentha spicata）和药用植物薄荷（Escherichia officinale）茎尖为材料，对萜类化合物的生物转化进行了研究。(1)培养的细胞具有如下转化底物的能力：羰基-位的区域和立体选择性羟基化<alpha>，与羰基相邻的C-C双键的立体选择性氢化，以及羟基、羰基和乙酰氧基以及C-C双键的对映选择性转化。(2)本文研究了环醇及其相应酮在N.烟草的氧化还原受依赖于NAD^+的醇脱氢酶控制，氧化还原平衡与羰基碳的&lt;^（13）C&gt; NMR化学位移相关。(3)培养细胞中氧化还原的时间进程可以根据底物进入细胞的渗透性和羰基碳的&lt;^（13）C&gt; NMR化学位移来预测。(4)单萜和倍半萜类化合物在组培苗中的积累。officinale和M.欧新与基础培养基的组合可有效控制穗颈瘿蚊的发生。

The biochemical potentiality of plant cultured cells to produce useful substances is of considerable interest in connection with the use of the cultured cells as a bioreactor. We have investigated the bioconversion of terpenoids with the cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum for generalizing the bioconversion pattern and the in vitro shoot tip cultures of Zingiber officinale and Mentha spicata for producing the volatile constituents by the cultured cells.(1) The cultured cells were found to have the ability to transform the substrates as follows: the regio- and stereo-selective hydroxylation at the <alpha> -position of carbonyl group, the stereospecific hydrogenation of the C-C double bond adjacent to carbonyl group, and the enantioselective conversion of the hydroxyl, carbonyl, and acetoxyl groups and the C-C double bond.(2) The oxidoreduction between cyclic alcohols and their corresponding ketones in the cultured cells of N. tabacum was governed by an <NAD^+> - dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and the balance in the equilibrium of the oxidoreduction was correlated with the <^(13)C> NMR chemical shift of the carbonyl carbon.(3) The time-courses in the oxidoreduction in the cultured cells can be predicted on the basis of the permeability of the substrates into the cells and the <^(13)C> NMR chemical shifts of the carbonyl carbon.(4) The accumulation of mono- and sesquiterpenoids in the culture plantlets of z. officinale and M. spicata can be controlled by the combination of the ouxin and the basal culture medium.