CuKa -- Computer-aided cuneiform analysis Cross-repository and cross-domain analysis of cuneiform tablets for collaborative, user-centered operationalization of philological working methods

楔形文字是一种在古代近东地区使用了3000多年的书写系统。到今天为止，已经发现了超过60万的楔形文字。与通常由背景颜色对比来表示的字母不同，楔形文字是一种三维的无色文字，由于阴影的投射，只能在特定的光线下看到。挑战在于由此产生的阴影变化，书写表面的曲率和符号的变化。因此，楔形文字的搜索目前只能通过抄写和索引来实现，因此没有考虑到古地理特征。这个项目在检索这些文件方面开辟了新的领域。该研究项目的主要目标是为提供跨越域内部（2d照片，3d扫描）和跨域搜索功能的存储库/展示器奠定基础，以查找字符和文本段落以及实现分析。这是一个基于网络的、实用的、以用户为中心的科学信息管理系统，用于协作的、系统化的文献学工作方法。该项目旨在通过自动注释原始文件的2D和3D复制品/图像，而不是手动注释，使快速查找文本段落成为可能，例如进行整理。首次提供跨域分析工具。授权用户通过每次搜索扩展系统的专业知识。为此，实现了与语义相关的楔形星座特定特征的自动提取和复杂表示的现代方法。此外，线片段假设的自动识别和概率建模方法是额外的目标。对于楔形文字搜索查询，实现了基于词点的方法（如客观字符和字体比较）和主动/深度学习的概念。还计划确定具有特定楔形特征的相应2D和3D数据集之间的双向映射。它的实际好处尤其在于快速定位文本段落，查找字符形式的参考点（用于年代测定的罕见或诊断字符；用于文本补充的破损字符的比较字符），以及用于检查笔身份或片段连接和其他古文字问题的跨文档分析。测试机构包括2000多个自己的楔形文字3d模型，位于Hethitologie Portal美因茨和大约。7万张照片、10万多张附加照片和3d扫描图可在线获取。

The cuneiform script was a writing system that has been used for more than three millennia in the Ancient Near East. As of today, more than 600,000 cuneiform texts have been discovered. In contrast to alphabet characters which are usually represented by a color contrast to the background, cuneiform is a three-dimensional colorless script, which can only be seen under specific lighting due to shadow casting. The challenges lie in the resulting changing shadows, the curvature of the writing surface and the variations of the signs. Therefore, the search in cuneiform texts is currently only possible by means of transcriptions and their indexing, hereby paleographic characteristics are not taken into account. The project is breaking new ground in the retrieval of these documents.The main objective of the research project is to lay the foundations for the provision of a repository/exhibitor spanning both domain-internal (2D-photographs, 3D-scan) and cross-domain search function for finding characters and text passages as well as for operationalizing the analysis. This is to be realized in a web-based, practical and user-centered system for scientific information management for collaborative, systematized philological working methods. The project is intended to make it possible to find text passages quickly, e. g. for collation, by automatically annotating 2D and 3D reproductions/images of the original documents instead of a manual annotation. For the first time, cross-domain analysis tools are provided. Authorized users extend the expertise of the system with each search.For this purpose, modern methods for automated extraction and complex representation of semantic-relevant wedge constellation-specific characteristics are implemented. Furthermore, methods for the automatic identification and probabilistic modeling of line fragment hypotheses are additional objectives. For cuneiform search queries Word spotting-based methods (e. g. for objective character and font comparison) and concepts of Active/Deep Learning are realized. It is also planned to determine a bidirectional mapping between corresponding 2D and 3D datasets with specific cuneiform characteristics.The practical benefit lies in particular in the fast locating of text passages, the search for reference points for character forms (rare or diagnostic characters for dating; comparison characters for damaged characters for text supplements) as well as the cross-document analysis for checking for pen identity or join of fragments and other paleographic questions. The test body comprises over 2,000 own 3D-models of cuneiform scripts in the Hethitologie Portal Mainz and approx. 70,000 photos, more than 100,000 additional photos and 3D-scans are available online.