Sensorless control of a permanent magnet synchronous machine with concentrated windings and short-cicuited rotor winding

无传感器控制的研究已经进行了很多年。目标是在不需要额外测量设备的情况下，通过直接可用的机器数量在线获得转子位置信息。对于较高的速度，这可以通过基于电机感应电压的反电动势方法来实现，而对于较小的速度和静止，基于测试信号的方法是合适的。在这种情况下，微分量(例如电阻和电感)的评估是必要的。目前资助的研究涉及无传感器位置估计的机器设计的详细调查。提出了在转子上施加短路绕组(SC绕组)的新概念，并用有限元方法对其进行了解析和仿真。仿真结果与实验装置的测量结果进行了验证。为了研究这一概念在实际应用中的适用性，将不同的SC绕组应用于带有表面贴装磁体的工业同步电机的转子。该设置包括在试验台上以执行动态测量。在下文中，将开发控制器设置以执行对整个操作区域的无传感器控制。特别是在采用信号注入法的范围内，SC绕组的优势将会显现出来。此外，还提出了一种改进的转子位置估计方法。此方法将包含在控制器设置中。它评估差动电阻和电感的加权组合。另一个关键方面是SC绕组对电机动态性能的影响。由于SC绕组在测试信号频率处表现出最显著的阻尼效应，因此在平稳运行时其影响可以忽略不计。在高动态加速和速度恢复过程中，磁通的实时变化达到很高的值，这可能会激励SC绕组，从而抑制磁通，从而抑制动态特性。这个概念影响机器行为的另一个领域是非常高的速度。在那里，机器的基频达到很高的值，可能也会激励SC绕组。对这一缺陷的研究是在试验台上进行研究的主要目标之一，也是评估转子上SC绕组概念实际应用性能的主要目标之一。在本研究方案的最后部分，将在具有固有电磁各向异性的集成永久磁体的转子上证明该概念的适用性。转子将以这种方式设计，以达到表面安装磁铁的机器的性能特征。使用集成磁铁的设置将重复使用初始机器执行的所有测量。

Sensorless control has been investigated in research for many years. The goal is to gain the rotor position information on-line by direct available machine quantities without the requirement of additional measurement equipment. For higher speeds, this can be achieved by back EMF-methods, based on the induced voltage of the machine, whereas for small speeds and standstill, methods based on test signals are suitable. In this case, the evaluation of differential quantities (e.g. resistance and inductance) are necessary.The currently funded research deals with detailed investigations on the machine design for sensorless position estimation. A new concept, applying short-circuited windings (SC-windings) on the rotor, was developed and simulated analytically and with the finite element method. The simulation results were verified with the measurement results of an experimental setup. For investigating the qualification of this concept on practical applications, different SC-windings were applied to the rotor of an industrial synchronous machine with surface-mounted magnets. This setup was included on a test bench to perform dynamic measurements.In the following, a controller setup will be developed to perform the sensorless control over the total operating area. Especially, the focus should be put on the range where signal injection methods are used, as the advantages of the SC-windings will show up there.Additionally, an improved method for estimating the rotor position was developed. This method will be included in the controller setup. It evaluates a weighted combination of the differential resistance and inductance.Another key aspect is the influence of the SC-windings on the dynamic behaviour of the machine. As the SC-windings are configured to show the most significant damping effect at the test signal frequency, their influence can be neglected at stationary operation. During highly dynamical acceleration and speed reversion, the timely variation of the flux reaches high values, which could excite the SC-windings and, hence, damp the flux and, therefore, the dynamics. Another area, where the concept influences the machine’s behaviour, is at very high speeds. There, the fundamental machine frequency reaches high values that could excite the SC-windings as well. The investigation of this drawback is one of the main goals of the research on the test bench and on evaluating the performance for practical applications of the concept of SC-windings on the rotor.In the last section of this research proposal, the suitability of the concept will be proved on a rotor with integrated permanent magnets that already has an inherent electromagnetic anisotropy. The rotor will be designed in such a manner to reach the performance characteristics of the machine with surface mounted magnets. All measurements performed with the initial machine will be repeated for the setup with integrated magnets.