FOR 2924: Romanization and Islamication in Late Antiquity – Transcultural Processes on the Iberian Peninsula and in North Africa

拟建的人文中心汇集了比较帝国研究的学科。我们的方法旨在比较地中海西部历史地区的跨文化同化过程，重点是公元一千年的伊比利亚半岛和北非，或所谓的“古代晚期”，包括早期伊斯兰时期。经济上重要的伊比利亚半岛和马格里布是外围地区，无论是在异教的，后来被基督教化的罗马，还是在伊斯兰帝国。在千年之初，这两个地区都以凯尔特-伊比利亚文化和柏柏尔文化为特征，它们受到希腊化文明的影响，但仍保持着自己鲜明的特点。罗马帝国和伊斯兰帝国都塑造了社会、城市、行政管理和景观的形成。两者都引入了一种起源于中东的救世宗教作为国教，但在社会实施上采取了不同的方法（强制宗教同质化/宗教多元化，尽管不是平等的）。两个帝国各自灭亡后，罗马文化在日耳曼人的领导下蓬勃发展，伊斯兰文化在倭马亚人和阿格拉比人的自治统治下蓬勃发展。在伊比利亚半岛，尽管伊斯兰化了，罗马-基督教元素仍然存在了几个世纪，而北非以前的罗马-基督教文化（奥古斯丁）在阿拉伯征服后的两到三个世纪后几乎完全消失了。在这里，文化伊斯兰化与宗教伊斯兰化融合在一起。这种历史情况允许在一个空间中构建跨文化适应过程的理论模型，尽管地理上远离帝国中心，但仍然很重要。人文中心将把关于罗马化和伊斯兰化领域的基本研究问题、方法和立场的辩论联系起来，这些辩论长期以来一直在不同的学科中并行进行。人文中心还将为这两个研究领域提供新的实证信息。从西地中海的主题出发点出发，它也将为跨文化和比较帝国研究领域贡献新的模型和理论。正是这种方法的结合有可能打破罗马化和伊斯兰化作为“前现代殖民形式”的当代联系。反过来，当前关于跨文化性和帝国的理论和模型可以测试它们与这个项目的历史和地理焦点的相关性。人文中心以话语为导向的形式，一方面是核心研究小组的个人研究，另一方面是国际奖学金项目，非常适合激活和重组这一领域的全球话语。

The proposed Humanities Center convenes the disciplines of comparative empire studies. Our approach aims to compare transcultural assimilation processes in the historical region of the western Mediterranean with focus on the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa during the first millennium CE, or the so-called „Long Late Antiquity“, including the Early Islamic Period. The economically significant Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb were peripheral regions, both in the pagan, later Christianized Roman, and in the Islamic Empire. At the beginning of the millennium both regions were characterized by cultures, Celt-Iberian and Berber, that were influenced by Hellenistic civilization, but maintained their own, distinct characteristics. Both the Roman and the Islamic empires shaped the formation of societies, cities, administration, and landscapes. Both introduced a salvation religion, originating from the Middle East, as the state religion, but took a different approach to their social implementation (forced religious homogenization / religious albeit not equal plurality). After the end of each of the two empires, the Roman culture flourished under the Germanic leaders, as did the Islamic culture under the autonomous Umayyads and Aghlabids. While in the Iberian Peninsula the Roman-Christian element remained in evidence for centuries, despite Islamication, the previously Roman-Christian culture of North Africa (Augustine) disappeared almost entirely after two to three centuries after the Arab conquest. Here, the cultural Islamication merged with a religious Islamization. This historical situation permits the construction of theoretical models of transcultural adaptation processes in a space that, although geographically distant from the imperial centers, nonetheless continued to be of importance.The Humanities Center will connect debates about fundamental research issues, methodology, and positions in the field of Romanization and Islamication, that have for long been conducted parallel to one another, in separate disciplines. The Humanities Center will also generate new empirical information for the two research fields. From its thematic departure point of the western Mediterranean, it will also contribute new models and theories to the field of transcultural and comparative empire studies. It is precisely this combination of approaches that has the potential to break up contemporary associations of Romanization and Islamication as ‘pre-modern forms of colonization’. In turn, current theories and models on Transculturality and Empires can be tested for their relevance to the historical and geographical focus of this project. The discourse-oriented format of the Humanities Center, with its interplay between the individual research of the core group of researchers on the one hand, and an international fellowship program on the other, is extraordinarily suited to dynamize and restructure global discourse in this field.