Exploring short- and long-term dynamics of context-specific adjustments of cognitive control

然而，这种对语境调整的理解目前从两个方面受到了挑战：第一，关于语境调整的研究结果是否与认知控制有关，第二，这些在短期内反映出灵活机制的语境调整是否会导致长期的僵化。在一线研究中，我们打算澄清基于认知控制的账户和基于挑战性刺激-反应-预测的账户在获得和参与语境调整中的作用。在第二行，我们打算研究语境调整的长期后果，并调查这种调整如何与额外的语境要求相互作用。为了实现这些目标，我们遵循了一种基于两个时间尺度的方法来跟踪，首先，通过应用时间连续的测量，如鼠标跟踪和脑电频率标记，来追踪导致语境调整的短期条件。这样，我们打开了关于语境调整的简化的非此即彼的观点和唯一积极的短期观点，并得出了灵活的语境调整行为背后的过程和机制的详细理论图景。

One of the hallmarks of goal-directed behavior is the use of contextual information to flexibly adjust cognitive control and attention to an ever-changing environment. Research on such context adjustments has forwarded our understanding in recent years, focusing mainly on the so-called context-specific proportion congruency (CSPC) effects. However this understanding of context adjustments is currently challenged from two directions: First, it has been questioned, whether the research findings on context adjustments are related to cognitive control at all, and second, whether these context adjustments which reflect a flexible mechanism in the short-term can lead to inflexibility in the long-term. In our project, we aim to resolve these issues by specifying the processes and mechanisms underlying context adjustments. In a first line of research we intend to clarify the role of both, a cognitive control-based account and the challenging stimulus-response-prediction-based account in the acquisition and engagement of contextual adjustments. In a second line, we intend to study the long-term consequences of context adjustments and investigate how such adjustments interact with additional contextual requirements.For these objectives, we follow an approach based on two time scales to trace, first, the short-term conditions that lead to contextual adjustments by applying time-continuous measurements such as mouse tracking and EEG frequency tagging. Second, we aim at tracing long-term costs and potentials of contextual adjustments by applying an across-session and multi-contextual approach. This way, we burst open the simplified either/or as well as the solely positive short-term view on contextual adjustments and derive a detailed theoretical picture of the processes and mechanisms underlying the flexible contextual adjustment of behavior.